艾滋病临床诊治中免疫检验的应用价值分析  

Analysis of the Application Value of Immunoassay in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS

作　　者：刘蕊 董莎 戚娟 LIU Rui;DONG Sha;QI Juan(Jining Yanzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jining 272100,Shandong,China;Department of Laboratory,Jining Third People's Hospital,Jining 272100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁市兖州区疾病预防控制中心,山东济宁272100 [2]济宁市第三人民医院检验科,山东济宁272100

出　　处：《系统医学》2025年第2期84-86,95,共4页Systems Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析艾滋病临床诊治中免疫检验的应用价值。方法非随机选取2023年4月—2024年3月济宁市兖州区疾病预防控制中心的1000例定期复测和医院初筛人员作为研究对象,均进行化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescence immunoassay,CLIA)、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay,ELISA),以蛋白印迹检测法为金标准,比较不同检测方式诊断效能。结果1000例定期复测和医院初筛人员中,金标准共检出阳性75例,阴性925例;CLIA法共检测出阳性76例,ELISA法共检测出阳性80例。两种检测方式灵敏度、特异度及准确度对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。采用ELISA检测阳性血样的OD/CD多在1.35~1.80范围内,占所有阳性标本的54.93%(39/71);采用CLIA的截断值多在150.00~220.00范围内,占所有阳性检测标本的63.01%(46/73)。结论ELISA法与CLIA法在HIV检测中诊断效能差异不大,两组不同OD/CD、截断值检测结果方面有所不同,故临床检测需综合考虑选取检测方式。Objective To analyze the application value of immunoassay in clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIDS.Methods From April 2023 to March 2024,1000 cases of regular retesting and hospital screening personnel in Jining Yanzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention were non-randomly selected as the research objects.All of them were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The diagnostic efficacy of different detection methods was compared with Western blotting as the gold standard.Results Among the 1000 regular retests and hospital primary screening personnel,75 positive cases and 925 negative cases were detected by gold standard.A total of 76 positive cases were detected by CLIA,and 80 positive cases were detected by ELISA.There were no significant difference in sensitivity,specificity and accuracy between the two detection methods(all P>0.05).The OD/CD of positive blood samples detected by ELISA was mostly in the range of 1.35~1.80,accounting for 54.93%(39/71)of all positive samples.The cut-off value of CLIA was mostly in the range of 150.00~220.00,accounting for 63.01%(46/73)of all positive test specimens.Conclusion There was no significant difference in the diagnostic efficacy between ELISA and CLIA in HIV testing.The results of different OD/CD and cut-off values were different between the two groups.Therefore,clinical testing should comprehensively consider the selection of detection methods.

关 键 词：艾滋病 酶联免疫吸附测定 化学发光免疫分析 免疫 蛋白印迹法 诊断效能 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]