阻抗阶跃渐变层结构纤维素/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)气凝胶材料的制备及其吸波性能  

Preparation of cellulose/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)aerogel absorbing materials with impedancestep gradient layer structure and their absorption properties

作　　者：李一 张恒宇 郭雯卓 陈剑英 王妮[1] 肖红 LI Yi;ZHANG Hengyu;GUO Wenzhuo;CHEN Jianying;WANG Ni;XIAO Hong(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Systems Engineering Institute,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]军事科学院系统工程研究院,北京100010

出　　处：《纺织学报》2025年第3期17-26,共10页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52173191)。

摘　　要：为拓宽吸波频段,获得高效吸波材料,以纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)为骨架、二维过渡金属碳化物(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))为导电填料,制备了三维多孔气凝胶吸波材料。通过扫描电镜及透射电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱及衍射仪、矢量网络分析仪表征了其结构与各项性能。结果表明:基于气凝胶的多孔结构及Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)的导电损耗,使得CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)复合气凝胶具有吸波效能,改变Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)含量及气凝胶厚度可调节吸波带宽和峰值。根据三维电磁仿真软件CST STUDIO SUITE仿真模拟结果,制备Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)质量分数依次为1%、25%、50%的CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)复合气凝胶,在电磁波入射方向按照特征阻抗从大到小叠层构建阻抗阶跃渐变的多层复合结构吸波材料,该材料具有更好的阻抗匹配和衰减损耗性能,反射损耗最小可达-15.9 dB,有效吸收带宽覆盖整个X波段。Objective In order to broaden the absorption frequency band,obtain high-efficiency absorbing materials,and solve the problems of high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution in the preparation of polymer aerogel materials.Three-dimensional porous aerogel absorbers were prepared using cellulose nanofibers(CNF)as the framework and two-dimensional transition metal carbides(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))as conductive fillers.Method Freeze-drying was adopted to construct CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite aerogel materials with different electromagnetic properties,and further the electromagnetic combination of multilayer CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite aerogel materials with impedance step gradient structure was explored by CST STUDIO SUITE simulation,and multilayer CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite aerogel materials with broadband absorption effect prepared.Results The results showed that based on the porous structure of aerogel and the conductive loss of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite aerogel material possessed electromagnetic wave absorption properties,and the absorption bandwidth and peak value can be adjusted by changing the content and thickness of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).The CNF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite aerogel materials with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)mass fractions of 1%,25%and 50%were prepared,and the impedance step gradient layered composite absorbers were constructed according to the characteristic impedance stacks from large to small,which had better impedance matching and attenuation loss performance.The reflection loss was as low as-15.9 dB,which is lower than that of the single-layer aerogel material of the same thickness with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)mass fractions of 1%(0 dB),25%(-2.0 dB)and 50%(-10.9 dB),and the effective absorption bandwidth covers the entire X-band.Conclusion Through the stacking method,the multilayer aerogel material constructing the impedance gradient step gradient structure can effectively balance the impedance matching and attenuation loss in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation fro

关 键 词：吸波材料 二维过渡金属碳/氮化物 纤维素气凝胶 层结构 阻抗阶跃渐变 吸波性能 

分 类 号：G316[文化科学] TS102.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]