生物可降解聚乳酸防护口罩的开发及性能评估  

Development and performance evaluation of biodegradablepolylactic acid protective masks

作　　者：张惠琴 吴改红 刘霞 刘淑强 赵恒 刘涛 ZHANG Huiqin;WU Gaihong;LIU Xia;LIU Shuqiang;ZHAO Heng;LIU Tao(College of Textile Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600,China;Medical Device Testing Technology Institute,Shanxi Inspection and Testing Center,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006,China;Fiber Quality Monitoring Institute,Shanxi Inspection and Testing Center,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学轻纺工程学院,山西晋中030600 [2]山西省检验检测中心医疗器械检验技术研究所,山西太原030006 [3]山西省检验检测中心纤维质量监测研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《纺织学报》2025年第3期116-122,共7页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021211146,20210302123114);山西省科技成果转化引导专项项目(202104021301053);山西省重点研发计划项目(202302040201009)。

摘　　要：为开发一种完全可生物降解的口罩,以聚乳酸(PLA)为材料,结合熔喷纺丝和静电纺丝技术成功制备了双层复合微纳米纤维过滤层,并基于由三维面部模型得到的口罩版型图设计制备出了一款符合人体面部轮廓的PLA口罩;研究了PLA口罩过滤层的形貌结构,并通过与市售口罩对比,评估了PLA口罩的防护性能、热舒适性能、适合性能以及降解性。结果表明:PLA口罩的过滤效率达到95.8%,呼气和吸气阻力分别为83 Pa和79 Pa;优化后的PLA口罩总适合因数为69.57,为人体佩戴口罩提供了良好的贴合性和舒适性,同时也表现出优异的热管理性;40 d内其质量损失率达到50%,证实了其具有生物可降解性。Objective In recent years,the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic and airborne particulate pollution has led to a surge in the consumption of face masks.Masks are usually made of non-biodegradable petroleum-derived non-woven materials,which increase global plastic pollution and put great pressure on the human environment,hygiene,and health promotion.Using biodegradable materials to prepare masks can effectively alleviate the pressure of discarded masks on the ecological environment.Therefore,the development of biodegradable masks is significant in reducing environmental pollution.Method Biodegradable PLA,used as the material,was combined with melt-blown spinning and electrostatic spinning technologies to prepare a bilayer composite micro-and nano-structured fiber membrane as the filter core layer of the mask,and integrated the mask accessories to make a complete biodegradable PLA mask.The microscopic morphology of the bilayer structure and the filter core layer were analyzed,and the protective performance,thermal comfort management,adaptability,and degradation performance of PLA masks were comprehensively evaluated by comparing them with commercially available masks.Results A double-layer composite structure of PLA melt-blown membrane with an average fiber diameter of 8μm as a base fabric and a nanofiber membrane with an average diameter of 204 nm as a filter core layer was prepared by combining melt-blown spinning and electrostatic spinning techniques.The results showed that the fiber surface of the composite fiber membrane of the bilayer structure was smooth and continuous,and the fiber morphology was also good.The protective performance of the complete PLA mask designed and prepared according to the three-dimensional facial model was studied and analyzed,and the results showed that the expiratory and inspiratory resistance of the PLA mask was 83 Pa and 79 Pa,respectively,providing a more balanced breathing resistance performance.The filtration efficiency of the PLA mask was 95.8%,and the layered interception m

关 键 词：可生物降解 口罩 聚乳酸 熔喷纺丝 静电纺丝 过滤效率 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]