南头古城的天主教育嬰堂:深圳城市起源中的一個异数  

The Xin’an Catholic Foundling Hospital:An Anomaly in Shenzhen’s Urban Origin

作　　者：廖翕 LIAO Xi(the School of Architecture and Engineering,Shenzhen Polytechnic University;Department of Architecture,University of Hong Kong)

机构地区：[1]深圳职业技术大学建筑工程学院 [2]香港大学建筑系,中国香港

出　　处：《世界建筑导报》2025年第1期28-34,共7页World Architecture Review

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2024年度青年项目(项目编号:GD24YYS08);广东省高等职业教育教学改革研究与实践项目(项目编号:2023JG233);安徽建筑大学徽派建筑安徽省重点实验室开放课题(项目编号:HPJZ-2023-05);深圳职业技术大学2024年度校级科研青年创新项目(项目编号:6024310012S);深圳职业技术大学2023年度校级教研项目(项目编号:7023310165)。

摘　　要：深圳南头古城曾是明清新安县衙所在地,被看作深圳和香港地区的城市起源,深圳悠久文明史的重要证据。但是城中的天主教育婴堂一直是一个异数。鸦片战争后,意大利的嘉诺撒仁爱女修会委托香港教会在南头古城建立育婴堂,一方面收养当地人遗弃的女婴,一方面传播基督教义。在之后的一个世纪中,育婴堂经历了一系列历史巨变,被用作政府办公场所、医院、小学等等。它最终于1989年被“归还教会”——由中国天主教会管辖,实际上与香港教会完全脱离。育婴堂可以证明深圳历史的丰富性,尤其呈现出深圳在早期介入“全球化”的一些珍贵经验。但是,育婴堂却始终保持一个神秘的存在,不为人知。为什么?本文将尝试梳理育婴堂不同寻常的历史和存在。The Nantou Ancient Town(NAT)in Shenzhen was once the seat of the Xin'an County Government in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Today it is celebrated as the urban origin of Shenzhen and Hong Kong region,and an important evidence of Shenzhen's long history of civilization.However,the Catholic Foundling Hospital inside the town has always been an anomaly.After the Opium War,the Canossian Sisters of Italy commissioned its Hong Kong Church to establish a foundling hospital in the NAT to adopt the abandoned baby girls by locals and spread Christianity.In the following century,the hospital underwent a series of massive changes.It was converted into government office,public hospital,and primary school,etc.,and finally"returned to the church"in 1989–in fact it was governed by the China Catholic Church,completely separated from the operation of the Canossian Hong Kong.The Nantou Foundling Hospital can prove the richness of Shenzhen's history,especially some of Shenzhen's precious experiences in its early involvement in"globalization."But why has the Founding Hospital always maintained a mysterious existence and remained largely unknown?This paper attempts to explore the institution’s unusual history and anomalous existence.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 深圳城市起源 南头古城 育婴堂 

分 类 号：B977[哲学宗教—宗教学]