空气中耐药基因和致病菌逸散特征与暴露风险——以典型市政污水处理厂为例  

The dispersion characteristics and exposure risks of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant pathogenic bacteria in air--Take a typical municipal sewage treatment plant as an example

作　　者：高珊珊 刘硕 李少斌 魏泽冉 辛会博 田家宇 高敏 GAO Shan-shan;LIU Shuo;LI Shao-bin;WEI Ze-ran;XIN Hui-bo;TIAN Jia-yu;GAO Min(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学土木与交通学院,天津300401 [2]北京市农林科学院,北京100097

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第4期2276-2287,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(41961134033);河北工业大学本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(220250);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230113)。

摘　　要：对污水处理厂空气和对应污水中的抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)和耐药致病菌(ARBs)展开系统研究,分析其在空气中的富集率以及影响因素,评估其日呼吸暴露量.结果显示,空气和污水中的优势ARGs的种类和浓度均存在差异,最高浓度基因分别为Sul1和tetW.两种介质中优势致病菌种类相似,依次为拟杆菌(Bacteroides)、克雷伯菌(Klebsiella)和肠球菌(Enterococcus).污水厂空气中某些ARGs和ARBs存在富集现象,其中富集率最高ARGs和ARBs分别为tetW和巨单胞菌(Megamonas).污水中ARGs和ARBs向空气的转移受到污水水质和曝气工艺等因素的影响.溯源分析结果显示,污水厂空气中细菌约有73.59%±3.61%来自污水.本研究在空气和污水样本中均分离出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),发现空气中MRSA的抗生素耐药指数(0.24)远高于污水(0.077±0.045),并且其对万古霉素的耐药性能也高于污水中相应分离株.人体呼吸暴露分析结果显示,污水厂工人的细菌日吸入量为(1.9±1.5)×10^(5)copies/d,ARGs和移动遗传元件(MEGs)的日吸入量分别为(7.4±7.5)×10^(4)copies/d和(0.8±1.0)×10^(4)copies/d.A systematic study on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and resistant pathogenic bacteria in the air and corresponding sewage of the sewage treatment plant was conducted.Their enrichment rate in the air and influencing factors were analyzed,and daily respiratory exposure was assessed.A divergence in the distribution of predominant ARGs in ambient air and sewage was revealed,with Sul1 and tetW being identified as the most abundantly detected genetic markers.The taxonomic composition of the dominant pathogenic bacteria was found to be similar across both matrices,with Bacteroides,Klebsiella,and Enterococcus genera being identified as the most prevalent in sequential order.Enrichment of certain ARGs and pathogenic bacteria was observed in the air of wastewater treatment plants,with the highest enrichment rates being attributed to the tetW gene and Megamonas genus,respectively.The transfer process of ARGs and pathogenic bacteria from wastewater to air was influenced by factors such as water quality and aeration processes.Tracing analysis indicated that approximately 73.59%±3.61%of the bacteria in the air of wastewater treatment plants originated from the sewage.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was successfully isolated from both air and sewage samples,with MRSA in the air being observed to exhibit an antibiotic resistance index(0.24)that was significantly higher than that in sewage(0.077±0.045).Furthermore,MRSA's resistance to vancomycin in the air was also found to be greater than that of the corresponding isolates from sewage.The daily inhalation exposure to bacteria for workers at the wastewater treatment plant was estimated to be(1.9±1.5)×10^(5)copies/d,with average exposure to ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)being calculated as(7.4±7.5)×10^(4)copies/d and(0.8±1.0)×10^(4)copies/d,respectively.The findings of this study were expected to provide scientific data for a comprehensive assessment of health risks associated with air quality in wastewater treatment plants and for the developme

关 键 词：市政污水处理厂 抗生素耐药基因(ARGs) 抗生素耐药致病菌(ARBs) 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 富集规律 呼吸暴露 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]