困局、破局与新局:抗战时期渤海垦区的开荒生产  

Dilemma,Breakthrough,and New Situation:Reclamation and Production in the Bohai Reclamation Area During the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：赵全华 Zhao Quanhua

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院马克思主义学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《苏区研究》2025年第2期35-51,共17页Soviet Area Studies

摘　　要：为缓解沉重的财政经济负担和民生压力,中共在渤海垦区利用特殊的地理环境和战略区位优势领导实施开荒生产。中共通过明确分配原则、解决土地纠纷、区分地主地权、优待抗属工属等保障开荒土地地权,通过动员外来移民和驻地党政军人员开展劳力组织,通过生产前贷粮贷种、生产中互助合作、生产后合理负担进行生产扶助。面对开荒工作中出现的群众动员不足、工作脱离实际、土地分配不合理问题,中共借助组织农会、强化宣传教育、树立劳动模范提高群众积极性,通过政策解读、基层调研解决脱离实际问题,依托统一战线灵活开展土地分配。中共的开荒工作救助了大批难民抗属,缓解了财政经济压力,改善了社会结构,进而支援了清河区和山东其他抗日根据地建设,这使得中共在渤海垦区的开荒具有典型性和示范性。In order to alleviate the heavy financial and economic burden as well as the pressure on people's livelihoods,the CPC has taken advantage of the special geographical environment and strategic location to lead the implementation of land reclamation and production in the Bohai Reclamation Area.To this end,the CPC guarantees the land rights of reclaimed land by clarifying distribution principles,resolving land disputes,distinguishing landlord land rights,and providing preferential treatment to revolutionary families.It also mobilized immigrants and local Party,government,and military personnel to organize labor,and provides production assistance by lending grain and seeds before production,mutual assistance and cooperation during production,and reasonable burdens after production.Faced with the problems of insufficient mass mobilization,work divorced from reality,and unreasonable land distribution in the land reclamation and production,the CPC improves the enthusiasm of the masses by organizing farmers'associations,strengthening publicity and education,establishing model workers,solving problems divorced from reality through policy interpretation and grassroots research,and flexibly carrying out land distribution based on the united front.The reclamation work of the CPC helped a large number of refugees and families of anti-Japanese soldiers,alleviated financial and economic pressure,improved the social structure,and then supported the construction of Qinghe District and other anti-Japanese base areas in Shandong Province,which made the reclamation and production of Bohai Reclamation Area by the CPC exemplary and typical.

关 键 词：渤海垦区 开荒生产 地权 劳力 

分 类 号：K265.1[历史地理—历史学]