从胜利走向胜利:1949年人民解放军进军解放大西北  

From One Victory to Another:The People's Liberation Army's March to Liberate the Northwest China in 1949

作　　者：王旭臻 张皓[3] Wang Xuzhen;Zhang Hao

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学历史学院 [2]中共青海省委党史研究室,青海西宁810099 [3]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《苏区研究》2025年第2期90-112,共23页Soviet Area Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“1949年北平国共和谈文献资料整理与研究”(22LSA015)

摘　　要：1949年4月21日,中央军委向人民解放军发出向全国进军的命令,四路野战军迅即向全国未解放地区进军。第一野战军在西北战场正确估计战局形势发展,巧妙运用战略战术,有计划有步骤地钳制歼击胡宗南及马步芳、马鸿逵各部,全面解放大西北。其战略主要有四步:第一步发起扶眉战役,歼灭胡宗南主力,人民解放军控制了西北战场;第二步实施陇东追击战,分割青宁二马,乘胜追击直入西北腹地;第三步打响兰州战役,大败青马主力,西北解放已成定局;第四步解放青、宁、新三省,实现战略进军与和平解放双效应用。人民解放军胜利进军西北,支持了友邻战场战事推进,加速了国民党反动统治瓦解崩溃,完成了从战略大追击到解放大西北的一个又一个胜利,保障了中华人民共和国成立的政治、军事环境。On April 21,1949,the Central Military Commission of the CPC issued an order to the People's Liberation Army to march nationwide,and four Route Field Army immediately advanced to the remaining areas of the country that had not been liberated.The First Field Army accurately assessed the development of the battlefield situation in the northwest China,cleverly used strategic and tactics,and systematically suppressed and annihilated Hu Zongnan's,Ma Bufang's,and Ma Hongkui's troops,fully liberating the northwest China.Its strategy mainly consists of four steps:the first step is to launch the Fufeng-Mei Campaign,annihilate the main force of Hu Zongnan,and the People's Liberation Army controls the northwest battlefield;The second step is to carry out the pursuit battle in eastern Gansu region,dividing Ma Bufang from Qinghai and Ma Hongkui from Ningxia,and taking advantage of the victory to pursue directly into the northwest hinterland;The third step is to launch the Lanzhou Campaign,defeat the main force of Ma Bufang,and make the liberation of the northwest a foregone conclusion;The fourth step is to liberate the three provinces of Qinghai,Ningxia,and Xinjiang,and achieve the dual effects of strategic advance and peaceful liberation.The People's Liberation Army successfully advanced into the northwest,supporting the progress of neighboring battlefield battles,accelerating the collapse of the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang,completing one victory after another from strategic pursuit to the liberation of the northwest,and ensuring the political and military environment for the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

关 键 词：人民解放军第一野战军 西北战场 扶眉战役 兰州战役 彭德怀 

分 类 号：E297.5[军事—军事理论] K266[历史地理—历史学]