想象的传统——基于马来西亚盂兰盆节的田野调查  

Imagined Traditions:Fieldwork Based on the Ullambana Festival in Malaysia

作　　者：郭建斌 吴俐伶 Guo Jianbin;Wu Liling(School of Journalism&Communication,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510006)

机构地区：[1]广州大学新闻与传播学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期29-39,170,共12页Journal of Fuzhou University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：马来西亚华人作为离散的群体,如何在当地继续发展中华的原乡文化值得关注。离散的区位使马来西亚华人的文化失去了对原乡文化的直接继承,但同时也赋予了对传统进行想象的空间。一方面,马来西亚华人选择不假思索地继承口耳相传的“传统”;另一方面,又对节日传统展开了大胆的想象。通过将中国农历带到当地,并在农历节日期间打造祭祀空间和娱乐空间的方式,马来西亚华人建构出独属于马来西亚的盂兰盆节时空。所有的参与者都参与了想象传统的过程。其想象体现了娱乐生者的精神,创造出“生死同堂,人神共乐”的氛围,原乡文化中的祭祀空间、戏曲等元素虽然仍存在,但更多的是一种“传统”的象征。盂兰盆节想象的传统具备以下三个作用:第一,共存,即通过想象出来的祭拜时空,连接生者、死者和神明。第二,共享,即参会的社群内部共享节日活动带来的祭祀功能和娱乐空间。第三,共担,即承担发展华人文化的责任。Based on the fieldwork data of Ullambana Festival celebrations in three blocks in Malaysia,this paper focuses on how Malaysian Chinese practice cultural transmission and maintenance through"imagined traditions"in a specific Chinese traditional festival called Ulambana Festival.The article begins with a discussion of the"imagined tradition"and how it is used to practise cultural transmission and maintenance.The article first explains the theoretical connotation of the operational concept of"imagined tradition",and then analyses it from three aspects:spatial and temporal construction,participating subjects,and symbolic tradition.The analysis reveals that Malaysian Chinese do not and cannot inherit the original"traditions"when dealing with traditional Chinese festivals,and that their so-called"traditions"are,to a considerable extent,based on their imagination,and that many of the so-called"traditions"are not inherited by the Malaysian Chinese,but rather are based on their imaginations.At the same time,many of the so-called"traditions"in the Ullambana celebrations are highly symbolic.Such a discussion may have some universal significance for many Chinese living abroad in terms of inheriting traditional Chinese culture.

关 键 词：盂兰盆节 传统 想象 华人 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]