超声波声压分布规律的数值模拟与油泥除油实验验证  

Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic Sound Pressure Distribution and Experimental Verification of Oil Removal from Oil Sludge

作　　者：谭文捷[1] Tan Wenjie(Institute of Surface Engineering and New Energy,SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 102206)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2025年第3期43-50,57,共9页Safety Health & Environment

基　　金：中国石化科技部项目(P22010),含油污泥绿色高效生物处理方法研究与装备。

摘　　要：油泥超声波反应器内的声压分布特性代表其超声场强的空间分布,直接影响油泥的超声破乳除油效果。为优化油泥超声波反应器的结构设计、明晰超声波的作用分布机制,基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件、以声压为评价指标,模拟、探究、分析了不同超声探头位置、探头数量、超声频率、超声功率及反应器尺寸等参数条件下油泥超声波反应器内的超声场强分布。结果表明,声压分布情况受探头数量、超声频率及反应器尺寸等3种因素条件的影响较大,而超声功率几乎不影响声压分布情况,但可增大反应器内负压值,强化空化效果。设计时应避免探头对称布设,此时可能导致声波干涉发生,从而造成能量损耗、降低空化强度。探头式超声波反应器处理油泥的最优模拟参数为:圆柱体反应器底面半径为50 mm,探头探入深度为25 mm,探头数量为1个,探头频率为28 kHz,探头功率为400 W。本研究结果为明晰超声波的作用分布机制、优化油泥超声波反应器的结构设计提供了技术参考和理论基础。The sound pressure distribution characteristics within an oil sludge ultrasonic reactor represent the spatial distribution of the ultrasonic field strength,which directly affects the ultrasonic demulsification and oil removal efficiency of oil sludge.To optimize the structural design of the oil sludge ultrasonic reactor and to clarify the distribution mechanism of ultrasonic action,numerical simulations were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software,with sound pressure as the evaluation index.The study investigated and analyzed the ultrasonic field strength distribution under various conditions,including different ultrasonic probe positions,numbers of probes,ultrasonic frequencies,ultrasonic powers,and reactor dimensions.The results indicated that the sound pressure distribution was significantly influenced by three factors of the number of probes,ultrasonic frequency,and reactor dimensions.In contrast,ultrasonic power had almost no effect on the sound pressure distribution but can increase the negative pressure within the reactor,thereby enhancing the cavitation effect.During the design process,symmetrical arrangement of probes should be avoided,as this may lead to sound wave interference,resulting in energy loss and reduced cavitation intensity.The optimal simulated parameters for a probe-type ultrasonic reactor treating oil sludge were as follows:a cylindrical reactor with a base radius of 50 mm,a probe insertion depth of 25 mm,a single probe,a probe frequency of 28 kHz,and a probe power of 400 W.This study provides a technical reference and theoretical basis for clarifying the distribution mechanism of ultrasonic action and optimizing the structural design of oil sludge ultrasonic reactors.

关 键 词：超声波声压分布 数值模拟 声学参数 几何尺寸 油泥除油率 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]