空天飞行影响航天员脑神经功能的现状及展望  

The current status and prospects of the impact of spaceflight on astronauts'cerebral neurological functions

作　　者：于辉 高丽娜 高娜 牛畅 呼延霆[3] 谷良贤[1] YU Hui;GAO Lina;GAO Na;NIU Chang;HUYAN Ting;GU Liangxian(School of Astronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;School of Life Sciences,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航天学院,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072 [3]西北工业大学生命学院,西安710129

出　　处：《航空工程进展》2025年第2期12-22,39,共12页Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(D5000240285);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2023-JC-YB-190);2023年西北工业大学研究生培养质量提升工程项目(2023KC0136)。

摘　　要：中国空间站的建成标志着我国载人航天“三步走”发展战略圆满实现,未来航天员将开展常态化空天飞行并长期驻留执行科学任务。然而,空天飞行中航天员经历超重、失重、辐射、孤立环境等变化,直接威胁其肌骨系统、神经系统、免疫系统等功能正常发挥,尤其是航天员脑神经功能异常将会影响其认知能力,进而影响空间任务顺利完成。因此,保护航天员在空天飞行中脑神经功能具有重要意义。本文以空间视角和时间视角梳理了空天飞行对航天员脑神经功能的影响,总结了当前航天员脑神经保护现状和挑战,并围绕目前存在的关键问题对未来航天员脑神经保护策略进行了展望。The completion of the Chinese space station marks the successful realization of China's three-step devel-opment strategy for manned spaceflight.In the future,astronauts will routinely conduct spaceflights and remain in space for long-term stay to execute scientific missions.However,during spaceflight,astronauts are exposed to challenges such as hypergravity,microgravity,radiation,and isolation.These conditions directly threaten the nor-mal functionality of their musculoskeletal,neurological,and immune systems.Notably,abnormalities in astro-nauts'cerebral neurological functions can impact their cognitive abilities,potentially jeopardizing the successful completion of space missions.Therefore,safeguarding the cerebral neurological functions of astronauts during spaceflight is of paramount importance.This paper examines the influence of spaceflight on astronauts'cerebral neu-rological functions from both spatial and temporal perspectives.It summarizes the current state and challenges of protecting these brain functions.Centering on the key issues at hand,this paper also offers a forward-looking per-spective on future strategies for protecting astronauts'cerebral neurological functions.

关 键 词：空天飞行 航天员 脑神经功能 空间任务 长期在轨 

分 类 号：V527[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]