铁路货运承运清算模式下运价高出部分对非国铁运输企业的影响分析  

Impact of Freight Rate Excess on Non-National Railway Transportation Enterprises under Carrier-Based Settlement Mode of Railway Freight Transport

作　　者：罗莹 黄玮青 陈娅娜 朱加发 罗志勇 LUO Ying;HUANG Weiqing;CHEN Ya’na;ZHU Jiafa;LUO Zhiyong(Transportation&Economics Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Freight Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;Beijing Railway Logistics Center,China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所,北京100081 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司货运部,北京100844 [3]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司北京铁路物流中心,北京100089

出　　处：《铁路物流》2025年第4期23-27,共5页Railway Logisitics

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2023X029)。

摘　　要：铁路货运对我国货运市场发挥着不可替代的关键作用,为建立公平、公开、公正的铁路货运清算环境,稳步扩大铁路货运市场份额,国铁集团于2018年在全路实行承运制清算改革,承运制清算模式一直沿用至今。基于目前铁路货运承运制清算规则中对运价高出部分的清算原则,通过实际调研与实例测算,研究发现当地方铁路公司作为承运企业进行发送作业时,在不同情形下存在因运价高出部分造成承运清算盈利极端化的现象,进而影响运输链条上其他铁路运输企业合作的积极性,不利于整体货运市场的健康有序发展。基于此,提出对运价高出部分的清算规则进行优化的建议,实行科学合理的清算方式,使各运输企业的运输成本在不同运输条件下都能得到合理补偿,进而提高铁路运输企业的经营效益和揽货积极性。Railway freight transport plays a crucial role in China’s freight market.In order to establish a fair,open,and just environment for railway freight settlement and steadily expand the market share of railway freight,China Railway Group implemented a carrier-based settlement reform throughout the railway system in 2018,and this settlement mode is still used.Based on the current carrier-based settlement principles for the freight rate excess in the railway freight transport system,practical research and case studies have revealed that when local railway companies act as carriers for shipping operations,there may be extreme profit margins caused by the freight rate excess in different situations,which in turn affects the cooperation enthusiasm of other railway transport companies in the transportation chain and is not conducive to the healthy and orderly development of the overall freight market.On this basis,optimizing the settlement rules for the freight rate excess and implementing a scientific and reasonable settlement method are proposed so that the transportation costs of various transportation enterprises can be reasonably compensated under different transportation conditions,improving the operational benefits and enthusiasm of railway transportation enterprises in acting as carriers.

关 键 词：铁路货运 承运清算 运价高出 非国铁运输企业 影响分析 

分 类 号：U294.13[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]