复苏河湖生态环境监测中的卫星遥感应用  

Application of satellite remote sensing for ecological monitoring in river and lake recovery

作　　者：王旭 李晶[2] 陈德清[2] WANG Xu;LI Jing;CHEN Deqing

机构地区：[1]北京金水信息技术发展有限公司,北京100091 [2]水利部信息中心,北京100053

出　　处：《中国水利》2025年第7期55-62,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“山洪关键产汇流参数和过程的空天地一体化监测技术装备”(2022YFC3002901)。

摘　　要：近年来通过实施河湖生态补水、推进母亲河复苏行动等举措,我国江河湖泊生态环境持续改善。为科学评估受水区河湖生态环境复苏成效,在传统地面站网基础上积极构建“天空地水工”一体化监测感知网,其中深度应用多源卫星遥感技术将有效提升河湖生态环境监测能力。依托高分、环境、资源等系列多源遥感数据,明晰影像数据源选取、影像预处理、水体提取、成果归档等遥感监测流程,分析遥感监测的时效性、水面面积与水位关联关系等关键技术难点与解决途径,实现了对河湖水面面积、有水河长、有水时长、水头位置等关键指标的高频次动态监测。以华北地区地下水超采综合治理河湖生态补水、京杭大运河全线贯通补水、永定河全年全线有水、西辽河干流全线过流等为例,客观反映了河湖生态环境整体状况及其动态变化情况,为复苏河湖生态环境治理成效评估提供了完善、及时和精准的信息支持和技术支撑。Recent years,river and lake ecology in China has been improved by implementing measures of water supply to river and lake and action of mother river restoration.In order to assess the effectiveness of ecological recovery of river and lake in the water receiving area,an integrated monitoring and perception network of“air-space-earth-water-engineering”has been built on the basis of traditional ground station networks.Application of multi-source satellite remote sensing technology shall effectively enhance the capability of river and lake ecological monitoring.Based on a series of multi-source data of high-resolution,environmental and resources,we specified the process of image data source selection,image pre-processing,water body extraction and data archiving.Technical challenges related to timeliness and correlation between water surface area and water level were analyzed with proposal of solutions.High frequency dynamic monitoring can be realized to key indicators including water surface area,length of flowing river,duration of flowing river and water head position.Typical cases such as control of groundwater over-exploitation and ecological water supply in North China Region,recovery of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,flowing of the Yongding River throughout the year and flowing of the entire mainstream of the Xiliao River objectively may reflect the status and dynamic changes of river and lake eco-environment,and provide complete,timely,and accurate information and technical support for effectiveness evaluation of river and lake recovery.

关 键 词：卫星遥感 河湖复苏 监测 水面面积 有水河长 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TP7[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]