江苏镇江方言“北化”年代的再认识  

Further discussion on the ages of“northernization”of Zhenjiang dialect in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：高逸凡 GAO Yifan(School of Marxism,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学马克思主义学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《镇江高专学报》2025年第2期11-17,共7页Journal of Zhenjiang College

基　　金：镇江市社科应用研究“长江大运河文化研究”专项课题(2023DYL01)。

摘　　要：以往学界普遍认为镇江方言在东晋南朝时期就已脱离吴语完成了“北化”,现代镇江方言演变为江淮官话的主因是“永嘉南渡”,但都未能提供直接证据以资证明。从宋代至近代记载镇江地名异文的史料中,仍然可以找到许多镇江方言在语音特征方面与官话方言有异的线索。从现代镇江地区的方言地理格局推断,近代以前的镇江方言很可能分为两种:一种分布于丹徒乡野,与镇江府其他属县的吴语方言更为接近;另一种分布于府城和城郊,带有更多的官话特色,是本地人学习官话形成的“石化中介语”,但仍与镇江府其他属县的吴语方言有着明确的联系。镇江方言最终质变为江淮官话的主因,应当是近代以来镇江城区人口因战乱而造成的巨大损失和苏北移民的大量涌入。In the past,it was generally believed in the academic community that Zhenjiang dialect had already separated from Wu dialect and completed“northernization”during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.The main reason for the evolution of modern Zhenjiang dialect into Jianghuai Mandarin is“the Southward Immigration Wave of Yongjia”,but no direct evidence has been provided to prove it.Many clues that Zhenjiang dialect differs from Mandarin dialects in phonetic features can still be found in the historical materials recording variant texts of place names from the Song Dynasty to modern times.Based on the geographical pattern of dialects in the modern Zhenjiang region,it is likely that Zhenjiang dialect before modern times can be divided into two types:one type of dialect is distributed in the rural areas of Dantu,which is closer to the Wu dialect of other counties in Zhenjiang Prefecture;the other type of dialect is distributed in the cities and suburbs,with more characteristics of Mandarin,which is the“fossilized intermediate language”formed by local people learning Mandarin,but still has clear connections with the Wu dialect of other counties in Zhenjiang Prefecture.The main reason for the final qualitative transformation of Zhenjiang dialect into Jianghuai Mandarin should be the huge loss of population in Zhenjiang urban area due to wars and the influx of a large number of immigrants from northern Jiangsu in modern times.

关 键 词：方言演变 镇江方言 吴语 江淮官话 地名异文 

分 类 号：H172.4[语言文字—汉语]