黔产药用植物石虎种质资源遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Euodia rutaecarpa var.officinalis from Guizhou Province

作　　者：龚安慧 罗世路 徐荣[3] 肖承鸿 杨超 杨锦 孙慧 余娟 范琳琳 吴国才 GONG Anhui;LUO Shilu;XU Rong;XIAO Chenghong;YANG Chao;YANG Jin;SUN Hui;YU Juan;FAN Linlin;WU Guocai(Guizhou Health Vocational College,Tongren 554300,China;Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 420100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州健康职业学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州中医药大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]湖北中医药大学,湖北武汉420100

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2025年第3期78-86,共9页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2021]46号);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);贵州省教育科学规划课题(2023A014);贵州省中医药管理局民族民间医术挖掘整理及活态传承收集立项项目(黔中医药函[2020]101号);贵州省少数民族教育专项资金(黔财农(2022)163号);贵州省基层科普行动计划拟资助项目(黔科协普发[2023]49号)。

摘　　要：目的:测定药用植物石虎的表型性状及有效成分含量,分析其遗传多样性,为吴茱萸种质资源的选育引种提供参考。方法:测量实验样品的千粒重、果实直径和厚度等表型性状,运用HPLC检测柠檬苦素、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱等主要有效成分含量,并结合样品采集地经度、纬度、海拔、果实开裂与否等信息,对其表型特征及内在质量进行多样性、相关性和聚类分析。结果:贵州50个产地的药用植物石虎质量指标变异系数在18.59%~51.71%之间,多样性指数在0.3439~0.7478之间;基于有效成分含量,将50份种质聚类为3个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群为药用植物石虎高产高品质选育最优亲本材料,第Ⅱ类群是选育高产育种候选的亲本材料。结论:石虎表型性状及内在质量的相关指标变异较大,遗传多样性丰富,吴茱萸碱含量、吴茱萸次碱含量、果实直径是构成其差异的主要因素;筛选出黔产适合石虎种质资源的亲本材料及引种栽培范围,为吴茱萸种质资源的选种育种、驯化引种、资源保护及开发利用奠定基础。Objective:The phenotypic traits and the content of active ingredients of the medicinal plant Euodia rutaecarpa var.officinalis were determined,and its genetic diversity was analyzed to provide a reference for the breeding and introduction of this germplasm resources for cultivation.Methods:Three phenotypic traits of the experimental samples,namely,the weight of 1000 grains,fruit diameter and thickness,were measured.The contents of the three main active components,limonin,evodiamine and rutaecarpine,were detected by HPLC.Based on the longitude,latitude,elevation,cracking or not,the phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic quality of the samples were analyzed by diversity analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Results:The results showed that the variation coefficient of the quality index of the medicinal plant was between 18.59%and 51.71%,and the diversity index was between 0.3439 and 0.7478.Based on the content of effective components,50 germplasms were grouped into 3 groups.Among them,Group Ⅰ was the optimal parent material for high yield and high quality breeding of E.rutaecarpa var.officinalis,and Group Ⅱ was the candidate parent material for high yield breeding.Conclusion:The related indexes of phenotypic traits and intrinsic quality of E.rutaecarpa var.officinalis exhibited significant variation and rich genetic diversity.Evodiamine content,rutecarpine content and fruit diameter were the main factors of quality difference.The parental materials and introduced cultivation range of the germplasm resources suitable for Guizhou were analyzed,laying a foundation for the selection and breeding,domestication and introduction,resource protection,development and utilization of E.rutaecarpa var.officinalis germplasm resources.

关 键 词：石虎 表型性状 遗传多样性 种质资源 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]