镁空气电池阳极材料的多尺度调控与性能优化研究进展  

Research Progress in Multi-Scale Modulation and Performance Optimization of Anode Materials for Mg-Air Batteries

作　　者：李永安 欧阳柳章[1] LI Yongan;OUYANG Liuzhang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广州510641

出　　处：《西安工业大学学报》2025年第2期194-218,共25页Journal of Xi’an Technological University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52271213)。

摘　　要：在全球能源转型和碳中和目标的驱动下,镁空气电池因其高理论能量密度、低成本以及环境友好等优势受到广泛关注。然而,镁阳极在实际应用中仍面临自腐蚀析氢、块效应及腐蚀产物堆积导致的电压衰减等关键问题,制约了其商业化进程。近年来,通过合金化改性、塑性变形、热处理以及新型制备工艺等多种策略,研究者在改善镁阳极性能方面取得了显著进展。本综述系统梳理了镁阳极材料的最新研究成果,探讨了不同合金体系(如Mg-Al、Mg-Zn、Mg-Li、Mg-Ca、Mg-RE等)对电化学性能的调控机制,并对优化阳极微观结构、降低析氢与腐蚀效应、实现均匀放电提出了多种改进措施。此外,新型制备工艺如快速凝固、放电等离子烧结和搅拌摩擦加工等技术,为制备高性能、低缺陷镁阳极材料提供了有力支持。本文旨在为进一步提升镁空气电池整体性能、实现高效储能提供理论依据和技术指导,推动这一新型储能系统向实际应用迈进。Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals,magnesium-air batteries have garnered widespread attention due to their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,magnesium anodes still face critical challenges in their practical applications,including self-corrosion-induced hydrogen evolution,chunk effect,and voltage decay caused by corrosion product accumulation,which hinder their commercialization.In recent years,researchers have made remarkable progress in improving magnesium anode performance through strategies such as alloying modification,plastic deformation,heat treatment,and novel fabrication processes.This paper systematically summarizes the latest advancements in magnesium anode materials,explores the regulatory mechanisms of different alloy systems(e.g.,Mg-Al,Mg-Zn,Mg-Li,Mg-Ca,Mg-RE)on electrochemical performance,and proposes multiple optimization approaches for optimizing anode microstructures,mitigating hydrogen evolution/corrosion effects,and achieving uniform discharge.Furthermore,emerging fabrication technologies,including rapid solidification,spark plasma sintering,and friction stir processing,provide strong support for the preparation of magnesium anode materials with high-performance and minimal defects.This paper aims to offer theoretical foundations and technical guidance to improve the overall performance of Mg-air batteries and achieve efficient energy storage,thereby accelerating the practical application of this novel energy storage system.

关 键 词：镁空气电池 镁合金 阳极改性 合金化 

分 类 号：TM911.41[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]