双原子催化剂:从精准合成到电催化应用  

Dual-Atom Catalysts:From Precise Synthesis to Electrocatalytic Applications

作　　者：杨扬[1] 甘蓉 赵芹 马全磊 廖乙静 陈贵丹 胡雪柔 张颜 王定胜[2] YANG Yang;GAN Rong;ZHAO Qin;MA Quanlei;LIAO Yijing;CHEN Guidan;HU Xuerou;ZHANG Yan;WANG Dingsheng(School of Chemistry,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials,Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学化学学院,成都610031 [2]清华大学化学系/稀土新材料教育部工程研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《西安工业大学学报》2025年第2期249-281,共33页Journal of Xi’an Technological University

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目-省院省校科技合作项目(2025YFHZ0056);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2682022ZTPY049)。

摘　　要：近年来,原子级分散的催化剂凭借其高原子利用效率、明确的活性位点以及独特的电子构型等显著优势而备受关注。双原子催化剂(DACs)作为单原子催化剂(SACs)的延伸,通过双活性位点的协同调控实现了优异的性能,在电催化领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了DACs的精确合成策略和在电催化领域的应用。DACs的合成方法介绍主要分为两大类:自下而上合成法和自上而下合成法。自下而上合成法从原子和分子尺度构建催化剂,而自上而下合成法则是从较大尺寸的物质出发,通过特定手段制备出DACs。随后本文阐述了DACs在电催化领域的应用,重点聚焦于氧还原反应(ORR)、析氧反应(OER)、析氢反应(HER)、二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)和氮还原反应(NRR)这五个关键反应体系。在介绍每个反应时,先探讨其反应机理,再阐述DACs在其中的应用,以此更清晰地展示DACs在反应过程中所发挥的独特作用。In recent years,atomically dispersed catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their high atomic utilization efficiency,definite active sites,and distinctive electronic configurations.Dual-atom catalysts(DACs),as an extension of single-atom catalysts(SACs),have achieved outstanding performance through the synergistic regulation of their dual active sites,so they find wide applications in the field of electrocatalysis.This review summarizes the precise synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of DACs.Dual-atom synthesis is divided into two major categories:bottom-up synthesis and top-down synthesis,with the former commencing the synthesis of DACs from the atomic and molecular scale and the latter initiating the preparation of DACs with larger-sized substances.Subsequently,the applications of DACs in electrocatalysis are introduced,with a focus on their roles in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).The mechanisms of each reaction are discussed,followed by the introduction to the applications of DACs,so as to more clearly demonstrate the roles DACs play in the reaction processes.

关 键 词：双原子催化剂 催化剂合成 氧还原反应 析氧反应 析氢反应 二氧化碳还原反应 氮还原反应 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学]