胶凝剂对菌丝体生物质复合材料性能的影响  

Effect of Gelling Agent on Properties of Mycelium Composite

作　　者：黄智健 董奕彦 彭柳城 褚珮瑶 赵海娜 雷桥[1,2,3] 谢晶 陈晨伟[1,2,3] HUANG Zhijian;DONG Yiyan;PENG Liucheng;ZHU Peiyao;ZHAO Haina;LEI Qiao;XIE Jing;CHEN Chenwei(College of Food Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing&Preservation,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center For Experimental Food Science and Technology Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [2]上海市水产品加工及贮藏工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]国家食品科学与工程实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2025年第2期79-88,共10页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901604);上海市科技专项(19DZ1207503);上海市科技提升平台能力专项(19DZ2284000)。

摘　　要：以糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)为菌株,以农业副产物为主要基质,在基质中加入5%、10%、15%和20%的复配胶凝剂(以质量比3︰2的黄原胶和刺槐豆胶组成),以不含复配胶凝剂的处理为对照,制备菌丝体生物质复合材料,研究不同含量复配胶凝剂对菌丝体生物质复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:对照及含5%、10%复配胶凝剂的菌丝体生物质复合材料外表面光滑且无肉眼可见裸露基质;含15%、20%复配胶凝剂的菌丝体生物质复合材料外表面略显粗糙,菌丝体覆盖不完全,局部可见裸露基质。随着基质中复配胶凝剂含量增加,菌丝体生物质复合材料中菌丝平均直径逐渐减小,密度逐渐增大,压缩强度、回弹率、弯曲强度先增加后降低,表面疏水性逐渐降低,其中含10%复配胶凝剂的菌丝体生物质复合材料回弹率最大(89.65%),含15%复配胶凝剂的菌丝体生物质复合材料压缩强度、弯曲强度最大,分别为409.09、567.94kPa,但与10%和20%的处理无显著差异;含10%复配胶凝剂的菌丝体生物质复合材料的综合性能最佳。本研究结果为优化菌丝体生物质复合材料的力学性能提供参考。Mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated on a culture substrate comprising 25% bagasse,25% cottonseed hull, 20% corncob, 20% wheat bran and 10% perlite to produce mycelium composite with the addition of a gelling mixture of xanthan gum and locust bean gum in a mass ratio of 3:2. The gelling mixture was added to the culture substrate at different concentrations(0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and the resultant mycelium composites were determined for materials performance. The results showed that the exterior surface of the control and mycelium composites containing 5% and 10% gelling mixture was smooth without bare substrate visible to the naked eye. On the other hand, the exterior surface of mycelium composites containing 15% and 20% gelling mixture appeared slightly rough, with incomplete mycelium coverage and partially exposed bare substrate. As the content of the gelling mixture in the culture substrate increased,the average diameter of mycelia in the substrate gradually decreased;the density gradually increased;the compressive strength, rebound resilience and flexural strength initially increased and then decreased;and the surface hydrophobicity gradually decreased. The resilience of the mycelium composite developed on 10% gelling mixture was the greatest(89.65%), and both compressive strength and flexural strength of the mycelium composite developed on 15% gelling mixture appeared to be the greatest, reaching 409.9 kPa and 567.94 kPa, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mycelium composites developed on 10%, 15% and 20% gelling mixture in terms of compressive strength and flexural strength. The comprehensive performance of the mycelium composite developed on 10% gelling mixture was the best. This study provided a reference for improving mechanical properties of mycelium composites.

关 键 词：菌丝体生物质复合材料 力学性能 胶凝剂 农业副产物 生物质材料 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]