种植年限对设施菜地土壤理化特性及供肥能力影响研究  

Study on the effect of planting years on the physicochemical characteristics and fertilizer supply capacity of soil in facility vegetable plots

作　　者：陈亮亮 张鸿龄[1] 孙玲玲 段运思 张金鑫 刘鑫仪 陈奕阳 马国峰[2] CHEN Liang-liang;ZHANG Hong-ling;SUN Ling-ling;DUAN Yun-si;ZHANG Jin-xin;LIU Xin-yi;CHEN Yi-yang;MA Guo-feng(Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment,Ministry of Education,Shenyang University,Shenyang Liaoning 110044;Institute of Technical Innovation,Shenyang University,Shenyang Liaoning 110044)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110044 [2]沈阳大学科技创新研究院,辽宁沈阳110044

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期13-22,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：沈阳市社会治理科技专项(23-407-3-11);沈阳市中青年科技创新人才项目(RC210321);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2024-MS-210)。

摘　　要：中长期设施菜地因高频连续种植造成连作障碍,土壤存在供肥能力下降、养分失衡、土壤酸化和盐渍累积问题。为阐明设施菜地土壤理化特性和供肥能力随种植年限的变化规律,以沈阳典型设施菜地为研究对象,采集种植年限分别为1~5、6~10、11~15、16~20和21~25年的表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤,分析土壤理化特性和土壤肥力随种植年限的变化规律及关键影响因子。结果表明:随种植年限增加,土壤pH先降低后增加,显著低于露地大田对照土壤;而土壤电导率呈相反趋势。表层土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量在6~10年增至最大,较露地大田分别显著增加41.9%、160.9%和747.6%(P<0.05);在21~25年时,土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量降至最低;土壤速效钾含量随种植年限增加呈下降趋势,而全磷和有效磷含量随种植年限增加先增加后降低,亚表层土壤供肥能力变化规律与表层土壤基本一致。综上所述,在设施菜地种植过程中,随种植年限变化适时调整施肥措施,种植10年以上的设施菜地应减施磷肥、补施氮肥和钾肥,并逐步增施有机肥。Continuous cropping obstacles are caused by high-frequency continuous planting in medium and long-term protected vegetable fields,and the soil has problems such as decreased fertilizer supply capacity,nutrient imbalance,soil acidification and salt accumulation.In order to elucidate the changing law of soil physicochemical properties and fertilizer supply capacity of facility vegetable land with the planting years,typical facility vegetable land in Shenyang was taken as the research object,soil samples of the surface layer(0-20 cm)and sub-surface layer(20-40 cm)soil of the planting years 1-5,6-10,11-15,16-20 and 21-25 years were collected,the changing law of soil physicochemical properties and nutrient content with the planting years and the key influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that as the planting years increased,the soil pH first decreased and then increased,which was significntly lower than the open field controe soil;the soil electrical conductivity showed the opposite trend.The contents of surface soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen increased to the maximum between 6-10 years,significantly increasing by 41.9%,160.9%and 747.6%,respectively,compared with the open field(P<0.05).When the planting years were 21-25 years,the contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen dropped to the lowest.The soil available potassium content showed a downward trend with the increase of planting years,while the total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents first increased then decreased with the increase of planting years.The changing patterns of fertilizer supply capacity of subsurface soils were basically the same as the surface soil.In summary,it was suggested that during the cultivation process of facility vegetable field,the fertilization measures should be adjusted in a timely manner with the change of cultivation period,and the facility vegetable field with cultivation period of more than 10 years,phosphorus fertilizer should be reduc

关 键 词：设施菜地 种植年限 土壤供肥能力 土壤理化特性 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S158.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]