不同有机物料对草甸土理化性质、有机碳组分及腐殖质的影响  

Effects of different organic materials on physicochemical properties,organic carbon composition and humus of meadow soil

作　　者：罗卓云 贺婉莹 佟师师 王庆阳 曹殿云 陈温福[1] 兰宇 LUO Zhuo-yun;HE Wan-ying;TONG Shi-shi;WANG Qing-yang;CAO Dian-yun;CHEN Wen-fu;LAN Yu(Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Agriculture and Rural Affiars Ministry,Shenyang Liaoning 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院/农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期23-30,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：沈阳市优秀中青年科技创新人才(RC230798);辽宁省百千万人才工程(Z20210310)。

摘　　要：分析不同有机物料对草甸土理化性质、有机碳及腐殖质的影响,为防止草甸土肥力退化、提高草甸土生产力做理论支撑。试验共设置4个处理:单施化肥(CK)、生物炭与化肥配施(BF)、秸秆与化肥配施(SF)、有机肥与化肥配施(OF),各处理等量肥料添加,BF、SF、OF处理等碳量添加。结果表明:(1)3种有机物料添加均可增加土壤速效钾、碱解氮及土壤pH,其中生物炭添加对于土壤速效钾和碱解氮增加较多,分别可达17.53%与30.54%,秸秆添加对土壤pH提高最多,为16.96%;生物炭添加还使土壤有效磷提高27.39%。(2)生物炭和有机肥添加下土壤腐殖质各组分含量均增加,秸秆添加下土壤富里酸和胡敏素含量增加,而胡敏酸却降低,总之,有机肥提高土壤胡敏酸更有优势,可达37.37%,生物炭提高土壤胡敏素较多,可达148.12%。(3)3种有机物料添加均可增加土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分含量。有机物料对草甸土有机碳、理化性质及腐殖质有显著影响,且与碳源类型密切相关。生物炭对于改善土壤速效养分更有优势,生物炭与有机肥提高腐殖质能力较强,而秸秆降低胡敏酸,3种有机物料均有利于土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分的积累。The effects of different organic materials on the physical and chemical properties,organic carbon and humic matter of meadow soil were analyzed,so as to prevent the degradation of meadow soil fertility and the improvement of meadow soil productivity.There were four treatments:single chemical fertilizer(CK),biochar and chemical fertilizer(BF),straw and chemical fertilizer(SF),organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(OF),the same amount of fertilizer was added in each treatment,and same carbon amount was applied in BF,SF and OF treatment.The results showed that:(1)The addition of three organic materials increased the soil available potassium,available nitrogen and soil pH,in which the addition of soil available potassium and available nitrogen increased by 17.53%and 30.54%,respectively,and the soil pH under straw increased by 16.96%;the biochar addition also increased the soil available phosphorus by 27.39%.(2)The content of all components of soil humus increased under the addition of biochar and organic fertilizer,and the content of fulvic acid and hummintin increased under the addition of straw,while humic acid decreased.In short,organic fertilizer had more advantages in improving soil humic acid,reaching 37.37%,and biochar increased soil hummintin more,reaching 148.12%.(3)The addition of three kinds of organic materials increased the content of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon components.Organic material had a significant impact on organic carbon,physical and chemical properties and humus of meadow soil,and was closely related to carbon source type.Biochar had more advantages for improving soil quick nutrients.Biochar and organic fertilizer had a strong ability to improve humus,while straw reduced humic acid.Three kinds of organic materials were conducive to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon components.

关 键 词：有机物料 生物炭 土壤理化性质 土壤腐殖质 有机碳组分 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]