红壤性水稻土无机磷形态周年内变化及与磷肥利用率的关系  

Annual changes of inorganic phosphorus form in red paddy soil within one year and its relationship with phosphorus fertilizer utilization

作　　者：黄晶[1,2] 周玲红 高菊生 李冬初[1,2] 刘立生 邹平[4] 刘淑军 张会民[1,2] HUANG Jing;ZHOU Ling-hong;GAO Ju-sheng;LI Dong-chu;LIU Li-sheng;ZOU Ping;LIU Shu-jun;ZHANG Hui-min(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Qiyang Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in Hunan Province,Qiyang Hunan 426128;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shigu District,Hengyang Hunan 421001;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hengyang County,Hengyang Hunan 421200)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/湖南祁阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南祁阳426128 [3]衡阳市石鼓区农业农村局,湖南衡阳421001 [4]衡阳县农业农村局,湖南衡阳421200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期43-52,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30648,2024JJ7621);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-88);井冈山农高区省级科技专项揭榜挂帅项目(20222-051246);湖南省农业创新资金项目(2023CX73)。

摘　　要：红壤区稻田土壤磷素有效供应是保障水稻丰产的关键,土壤磷素有效性与磷形态转化密切相关,但目前对于不同施肥下双季稻关键生育期无机磷形态的变化及其与水稻磷肥利用效率的关系仍不明确。基于1982年开始的有机肥和化肥配施定位试验,选择不施肥对照(CK)、单施有机肥(M)、单施化肥氮磷钾(NPK)和有机肥化肥配合施用(NPKM)处理,监测双季稻关键生育期无机磷组分变化以及磷肥利用率,并解析它们之间的相关性。结果表明,不同生育时期各处理之间无机磷总量呈现显著差异(P<0.05),表现为NPKM>NPK>M>CK,施肥后无机磷总量的变化主要发生在分蘖期和齐穗期。NPK和NPKM处理在早、晚稻不同生育时期的Al-P、Fe-P和Ca-P含量均显著高于M和CK处理(P<0.05),各处理晚稻生长季的Al-P、Fe-P和Ca-P平均含量高于早稻生长季,增幅分别为4.6%~19.8%、0.2%~8.6%和3.4%~23.3%,各处理晚稻季的O-P平均含量较早稻降低了8.4%~35.0%。不同施肥处理之间早稻和晚稻季各无机磷组分占无机磷总量的比例变化趋势相同,各处理Al-P、Fe-P、O-P和Ca-P含量占无机磷总量比例均值的大小顺序分别为NPKM>NPK>M>CK、M>CK>NPK>NPKM、CK>M>NPK>NPKM和CK>M>NPK>NPKM。早稻、晚稻的稻谷产量和地上部吸磷量均随着施肥而显著增加(P<0.05),MPKM处理的稻谷产量和地上部吸磷量显著高于NPK和M处理(P<0.05),增幅为25.1%~33.3%,但不同施肥处理之间的磷肥利用率未呈显著差异。早稻营养生长期的Al-P和Olsen-P含量对早稻产量和吸磷量的相对重要性更突出;晚稻则是营养生长期的Fe-P、生殖生长期的Al-P对晚稻产量和吸磷量的相对重要性更突出。有机无机配施情况下需要通过优化磷肥用量,并加强早稻和晚稻的分蘖期和齐穗期磷肥调控以提高磷肥利用效率。The effective supply of phosphorus in paddy soil in red soil area is the key to ensure the high yield of rice.Soil phosphorus availability is closely related to the transformation of phosphorus forms.However,the changes of inorganic phosphorus forms in the key growth period of double cropping rice under different fertilization and its relationship with rice phosphorus utilization efficiency are still unclear.Based on the long-term experiment of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer since 1982,control(CK),single application of organic fertilizer(M),single application of chemical fertilizer(NPK)and combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(NPKM)were selected.This study monitored the changes of inorganic phosphorus components and phosphorus utilization rate in the key growth period of double cropping rice,and analyzed the correlation between them.The result showed that there were significant differences in the total amount of inorganic phosphorus among different treatments at different growth stages(NPKM>NPK>M>CK,P<0.05).The change of total inorganic phosphorus after fertilization mainly occurred in tillering stage and full heading stage.The contents of Al-P,Fe-P and Ca-P in NPK and NPKM treatments were significantly higher than those in M and CK treatments at different growth stages of early and late rice(P<0.05).The average contents of Al-P,Fe-P and Ca-P in the late rice growing season of each treatment were higher than those in the early rice growing season,with an increase of 4.6%-19.8%,0.2%-8.6%and 3.4%-23.3%,respectively.The average content of O-P in the late rice season of each treatment was 8.4%-35.0%lower than that in the early rice.The change trend of the proportion of inorganic phosphorus components to total inorganic phosphorus in early rice season and late rice season was the same among different fertilization treatments.The order of the average proportion of Al-P,Fe-P,O-P and Ca-P to total inorganic phosphorus in each treatment was NPKM>NPK>M>CK,M>C

关 键 词：红壤性水稻土 关键生育期 无机磷形态 磷肥利用率 长期施肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]