蚯蚓对三七连作土壤真菌群落的调节效应研究  

The regulation effect of earthworm on soil fungal community of Panax notoginseng under continuous cropping

作　　者：周瑞春 官会林[1] 王豪吉 徐菁 杨福彬 魏富刚 杨绍周 徐武美 ZHOU Rui-chun;GUAN Hui-lin;WANG Hao-ji;XU Jing;YANG Fu-bin;WEI Fu-gang;YANG Shao-zhou;XU Wu-mei(Yunnan Normal University,Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station of Soil Degradation and Restoration for Cultivating Plateau Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Wenshan Miaoxiang Sanqi Technology Co.Ltd.,Wenshan Yunnan 663000)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学高原特色中药材种植土壤质量演变退化与修复云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650500 [2]文山苗乡三七科技有限公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期76-84,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0247);云南省技术创新人才项目(202305AD160003);云南省院士专家工作站(202305AF150027)。

摘　　要：连作障碍是影响名贵中药材三七种植业的主要瓶颈,而真菌群落变化是三七连作障碍的主要成因。利用土培试验,探索蚯蚓活动对三七连作土壤真菌群落的调节效应;向三七连作土壤中添加赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida),牛粪添加量为0%(M0)、1%(M1)、2%(M2)和5%(M3),以未处理的连作土为对照(CK)。土培2.5个月后,采集土样,测定土壤团聚体结构特征、理化性质和酶活性;利用高通量测序技术,分析土壤真菌群落组成与多样性,并探索土壤理化因子与真菌群落变化的关联性。结果表明:与CK相比,M1~M3处理增加了土壤水稳性大团聚体含量;此外,M0处理下土壤电导率、有机质与速效氮、磷、钾含量降低,而随着牛粪添加量的增加(M1~M3),土壤电导率、有机质与速效养分含量相应升高;M3处理下土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶与磷酸酶活性最高,较CK分别提高了15.19 mg·g^(-1)、5.55 mg·L^(-1)与0.73 mg·g^(-1)(P<0.05)。与CK相比,添加蚯蚓(M0~M3)使土壤中潜在病原菌镰孢菌属(Fusarium)与癣囊腔菌属(Plectosphaerella)相对丰度分别降低了1.09%~2.27%与0.21%~0.28%,潜在有益菌半乳糖霉属(Galactomyces)与曲霉属(Aspergillus)相对丰度分别升高了7.75%~17.70%与0.15%~0.32%;网络分析表明,蚯蚓活动增加了土壤微生物群落的复杂性。因此,添加蚯蚓有望成为改良三七连作土壤、消减连作障碍的有效措施。Continuous cropping obstacle is a major bottleneck affecting the cultivation of the precious herb Sanqi(Panax notoginseng),and changes in fungal communities in the soil are the key factor leading to the continuous croping obstacle.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to explore the regulation effects of earthworm activity on the soil fungal community under continuous cropping of Sanqi.Eisenia foetida was added to the soil and cow dung was added at 0%(M0),1%(M1),2%(M2),and 5%(M3),with untreated soil being the control(CK).After 2.5 months of pot experiment,soil samples were collected to determine soil aggregates,physicochemical properties,and enzyme activities.Moreover,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities,and the correlations between soil physicochemical factors and changes in fungal communities were explored.The results showed that M1-M3 treatments increased the content of water-stable macroaggregates.In addition,compared to CK,soil electrical conductivity,organic matter,and available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents decreased under the M0 treatment;with the increase in the amount of cow manure addition(M1-M3),the soil electrical conductivity,organic matter,and available nutrient contents increased correspondingly;under M3 treatment,the activities of sucrase,catalase and phosphatase in soil were the highest,which increased by 15.19 mg·g^(-1),5.55 mg·L^(-1) and 0.73 mg·g^(-1),respectively(P<0.05).Compared with CK,the addition of earthworms(M0-M3)reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium,and Plectosphaerella,which were the potential pathogens in soil,by 1.09%-2.27%and 0.21%-0.28%,respectively;however,the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Galactomyces and Aspergillus increased by 7.75%-17.70%and 0.15%-0.32%,respectively.Network analysis indicated that earthworm activity increased the complexity of soil fungal communities.Therefore,earthworm activity was expected to be an effective measure to improve the

关 键 词：三七 连作障碍 蚯蚓 真菌群落 网络分析 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]