长期不同绿肥-玉米轮作对玉米产量和养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of long-term different green manure maize rotation on maize yield,nutrient absorption and soil fertility

作　　者：张雪梅 尹梅[2] 王志远[2] 陈检锋[2] 陈华[2] 王伟 杨艳鲜[2] 王应学[2] 苏友波 付利波[2] ZHANG Xue-mei;YIN Mei;WANG Zhi-yuan;CHEN Jian-feng;CHEN Hua;WANG Wei;YANG Yan-xian;WANG Ying-xue;SU You-bo;FU Li-bo(College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期85-92,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901504-04);国家绿肥产业体系昆明综合试验站(CARS-22-Z-14)。

摘　　要：探讨长期施用不同绿肥条件下对土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响,为西南地区的绿肥选种提供参考依据。依托7年长期定位试验,选择3种绿肥品种,设置4个处理,冬闲+常规施肥(CK)、光叶紫花苕+常规施肥(CV)、肥田萝卜+常规施肥(CR)、黑麦草+常规施肥(CL),分析比较不同绿肥处理玉米产量、玉米养分吸收量、土壤养分含量的差异。不同绿肥处理下,2018—2023年6年的平均产量表现为CV>CR>CL>CK,且各处理之间差异显著。与CK相比,不同绿肥处理2年玉米籽粒平均氮、磷含量CV处理表现得最高,籽粒平均钾含量CL处理最高。秸秆平均氮含量CV处理较CK提升了约36.5%,秸秆平均磷含量CL处理比CK提升了约75%,秸秆平均钾含量CV处理显著高于其他处理。从2年均值可以看出,CV、CR、CL处理均不同程度地提升了玉米的籽粒氮、钾含量和秸秆氮、磷、钾含量。与CK相比,各处理2年的平均籽粒氮吸收量提高了1.3%~20.0%,籽粒钾吸收量提高了5.2%~47.9%,籽粒氮吸收效率从2年均值可得出提高了1.5%~20.4%、钾吸收效率2年均值提高了5.0%~52.9%,玉米籽粒吸收量和吸收效率均值表现为CV>CL>CR>CK。综合来看,不同绿肥处理均提升了土壤养分含量,其中光叶紫花苕对全氮和碱解氮含量的提升效果最明显,肥田萝卜和黑麦草均不同程度提升了土壤的磷、钾含量。因此,在西南地区绿肥选种种植中,选择光叶紫花苕可维持提升玉米产量,且能提高土壤生产力、促进玉米籽粒和秸秆氮、磷、钾养分吸收量、改善土壤肥力。The effects of long-term application of different green manure on soil fertility and maize yield were discussed,so as to provide reference for seed selection of green manure in southwest China.Based on a 7-year long-term fixed-position experiment,three varieties of green manure were selected and four treatments were set up,including no green manure+conventional fertilization(CK),Osmunda glabra+conventional fertilization(CV),radish+conventional fertilization(CR)and ryegrass+conventional fertilization(CL),and the differences of maize yield,maize nutrient absorption and soil nutrient content with different green manure were analyzed and compared.Under different green manure treatments,the average yield in the six years from 2018 to 2023 showed as CV>CR>CL>CK,with significant differences among the treatments.Compared with CK,the average nitrogen and phosphorus content in CV treatment and the average potassium content in CL treatment of maize grain treated with different green manure were the highest in two years.The average nitrogen content of straw in CV treatment was increased by about 36.5%compared with CK,the average phosphorus content of straw in CL treatment was increased by about 75%compared with CK,and the average potassium content of straw in CV treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.From the average value in 2019 and 2023,CV,CR and CL treatments all increased the nitrogen and potassium content of maize grain and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of straw to varying degrees.Compared with CK,the average grain nitrogen absorption and potassium absorption increased by 1.3%-20.0%and 5.2%-47.9%,respectively,the grain nitrogen absorption efficiency increased by 1.5%-20.4%and the two-year average potassium absorption efficiency increased by 5.0%-52.9%.The average values of maize grain absorption and absorption efficiency ranked as CV>CL>CR>CK.On the whole,different green manure treatments could improve the soil nutrient content,among which Osmunda glabra had the most obvious effect on

关 键 词：绿肥品种 长期轮作 土壤肥力 玉米产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]