稻壳生物炭协同绿肥翻压对烤烟根际土壤及烟叶生长的影响  

The effect of rice husk biochar combined with green fertilizer tillage on the rhizosphere soil and tobacco leaf growth of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：张高润 刘弟 吴汉星 年夫照[1] 郑元仙 熊天娥 何元胜 王继明 廖小琳 周厚发 ZHANG Gao-run;LIU Di;WU Han-xing;NIAN Fu-zhao;ZHENG Yuan-xian;XIONG Tian-e;HE Yuan-sheng;WANG Ji-ming;LIAO Xiao-lin;ZHOU Hou-fa(Tobacco College of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Lincang City Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Lincang Yunnan 677099;School of Food Science and Technology of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司临沧市公司,云南临沧677099 [3]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期93-99,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省烟草公司临沧市公司科技项目(2022530900242002)。

摘　　要：采用田间定位试验,通过测定烟株根际土壤理化性状以及烟株生长指标,研究生物炭协同绿肥翻压对植烟土壤和烟株生长的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,增施生物炭或绿肥翻压可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度和含水率,同时改善土壤的pH与速效养分含量。其中,生物炭协同绿肥翻压的效果最为显著,土壤容重在团棵期下降了31.87%;土壤pH在旺长期和成熟期分别提高了33.48%和37.83%,pH变化范围为5.1~6.2;在速效养分含量方面,生物炭协同绿肥翻压处理在团棵期的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别比单施生物炭增加了26.19%、48.10%、32.78%,分别比绿肥翻压增加了6.66%、69.52%、46.74%;此外,相较常规施肥,生物炭协同绿肥翻压能促进烟株在田间的长势,株高、茎围、最大叶长分别增加了24.58%、18.62%、11.69%,根、叶干重分别增长了16.34%、11.00%。相比2020年,各处理土壤容重呈下降趋势,而土壤孔隙度、含水率、pH以及速效养分含量则呈现上升的趋势。综上所述,生物炭协同绿肥翻压通过改善土壤理化性状进而促进了烟株的生长,在烤烟大田生产应用方面具有良好的推广前景。The effects of biochar combined with green manure on tobacco planting soil and tobacco plant growth were studied by measuring the physical and chemical properties of tobacco rhizosphere soil and the growth indexes of tobacco plants.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,the application of biochar or green manure significantly reduced soil bulk density,increased soil porosity and water content,and improved soil pH and available nutrient content.Among them,the effect of biochar combined with green manure was the most significant,and the soil bulk density decreased by 31.87%in the rosette stage.The soil pH increased by 33.48%and 37.83%at vigorous growth stage and mature stage,respectively,and the pH ranged from 5.1 to 6.2.In terms of available nutrient content,the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of biochar combined with green manure in the rosette stage increased by 26.19%,48.10%and 32.78%,respectively,compared with single application of biochar,and increased by 6.66%,69.52%and 46.74%,respectively,compared with green manure.In addition,compared with conventional fertilization,biochar combined with green manure promoted the growth of tobacco plants in the field.The plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf length increased by 24.58%,18.62%and 11.69%,respectively,the dry weight of roots and leaves increased by 16.34%and 11.00%,respectively.Compared with 2020,the soil bulk density of each treatment showed a downward trend,while the soil porosity,water content,pH and available nutrient content showed an upward trend.In summary,biochar combined with green manure could promote the growth of tobacco plants by improving soil physical and chemical properties,and had a good promotion prospect in the field production and application of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：生物炭 绿肥翻压 根际土壤 烟叶生长 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]