增施沸石和有机肥对砂质农田春玉米土壤CO_(2)排放和产量的影响  

Effects of adding zeolite and organic fertilizer on CO_(2) emissions and yield of spring maize in sandy soil

作　　者：王学霞 张雪莲 陈延华[1,2] 曹兵 许佳妮[1,2] 樊兆希 王甲辰 WANG Xue-xia;ZHANG Xue-lian;CHEN Yan-hua;CAO Bing;XU Jia-ni;FAN Zhao-xi;WANG Jia-chen(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097;Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期100-109,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：北京市农林科学院院创新能力建设(KJCX20240401,KJCX20230207,KJCX20240327)。

摘　　要：探究沸石与有机肥增施对作物增产及土壤CO_(2)排放特征及碳平衡的各自特征及二者协同效应,为华北砂质潮土固碳、增产的高效农田管理模式提供依据。以北京市大兴区砂质潮土为研究对象,采用田间微区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、增施沸石(T2)、增施有机肥(T3)、增施沸石和有机肥(T4)5个处理,系统研究不同处理下春玉米产量、土壤CO_(2)排放、土壤碳平衡的变化并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:与T1处理相比,T4处理玉米产量显著增加了18.25%。在玉米生长初期和施肥后,各处理土壤CO_(2)排放速率均表现为先升高后降低的波动趋势。土壤CO_(2)累积排放量表现为T3>T1>T4>T2>CK,与T1处理相比,T2、T4和T3处理其累积排放量分别降低了9.44%、2.39%和增加了6.78%;与T2处理相比,T3处理其排放量显著增加了15.19%。与T1处理相比,T2和T4处理显著增加了生态系统碳平衡和土壤固碳潜力,增幅分别为15.13%、25.45%和17.97%、19.92%,而使作物碳排放速率分别显著降低了20.93%和22.73%。相关分析表明,增施沸石与有机肥处理通过增加土壤湿度及土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾、有效磷、土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量,而降低土壤CO_(2)累积排放量、增加玉米产量和生物量。由此,增施沸石与有机肥处理可以作为华北砂质潮土春玉米固碳、增产的适宜农田管理模式。The respective characteristics and synergistic effects of zeolite and organic fertilizer application on crop yield,soil CO_(2) emissions and carbon balance were explored to provide a basis for establishing an efficient farmland management model for carbon sequestration and yield increase in sandy soil of North China.The micro-plot experiment was conducted on maize in the sandy soil of Daxing district,Beijing city.Five treatments were set up,including no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(T1),adding zeolite(T2),adding organic fertilizer(T3),adding zeolite and organic fertilizer(T4).Soil CO_(2) emissions,maize yield,soil carbon balance and their influencing factors under different treatments were systematically studied.The results showed that compared with T1 treatment,maize yield was significantly increased by 18.25%in T4 treatment.In the early stages of maize growth and after fertilization,the soil CO_(2) emission rates of each treatment showed a fluctuating trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The cumulative CO_(2) emissions of soil(CE)showed as T3>T1>T4>T2>CK,compared with T1 treatment,the CE of T2,T4 and T3 treatments were decreased by 9.44%,2.39%and increased by 6.78%,respectively;compared with T2 treatment,CE of T3 treatment was significantly increased by 15.19%.Compared with T1 treatment,ecosystem carbon balance and soil carbon sequestration potential were significantly increased by 15.13%,25.45%,and 17.97%,19.92%in T2 and T4 treatments,respectively;however,the crop carbon emission rates was significantly reduced by 20.93%and 22.73%,respectively.Relevant analysis showed that T4 treatment decreased the cumulative CO_(2) emissions,increased maize yield and biomass by increasing soil moisture,NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)--N,available potassium,available phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content.Therefore,adding the application of zeolite and organic fertilizer could be used as a suitable farmland management model for carbon sequestration and yield increase of spring maize in sandy soil

关 键 词：砂质土壤 CO_(2)排放 玉米 产量 沸石 碳平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]