蚯蚓粪栽培基质对空中庭院土壤改良效果及红叶石楠生长的影响  

Effects of earthworm casts culture substrate on soil improvement of air courtyard and growth of Photinia fraseri Dress

作　　者：鲁耀雄[1,2] 高鹏 方雅瑜 孙英坤 唐桂梅 范卓 李卫东 崔新卫 彭福元[1] 李尝君[1] 邢汉君[3] LU Yao-xiong;GAO Peng;FANG Ya-yu;SUN Ying-kun;TANG Gui-mei;FAN Zhuo;LI Wei-dong;CUI Xin-wei;PENG Fu-yuan;LI Chang-jun;XING Han-jun(Institute of Agri-Environment and Ecology,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha Hunan 410125;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization of Garden Flowers,Changsha Hunan 410125;Hunan Hengkai Environmental Science and Technology Investment Co.Ltd.,Changsha Hunan 410221;Horticultural Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha Hunan 410125;Changsha Feiyu Biological Fertilizer Co.Ltd.,Ningxiang Hunan 410601)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院农业环境生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]园林花卉种质创新与综合利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南恒凯环保科技投资有限公司,湖南长沙410221 [4]湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所,湖南长沙410125 [5]长沙飞宇生物肥业有限公司,湖南宁乡410629

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期120-127,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021NK2008,2022NK2062);湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划项目(2022GK4065);湖南省林业生态保护修复及发展资金项目(湘财资环指【2024】3号);湖南省企业科技特派员项目(2021GK5016)。

摘　　要：为了探索蚯蚓类(蚓粪)栽培基质对空中庭院栽培用土的改良效果和绿植生长的影响,减少商品基质中草炭原料的开采,保护生态环境。通过利用蚓粪栽培基质与基坑土配比进行红叶石楠盆栽试验,并模拟空中庭院环境条件下研究不同基坑土配比对土壤理化性质、红叶石楠存活率和生长的影响。结果表明,基坑土配比基质可以有效增加土壤的有机质,提高土壤的含水量、总孔隙度和微生物总量,调节土壤pH,降低土壤容重,起到改良基坑土壤的作用。其中以蚓粪栽培基质与基坑土1∶3配比(T3)对基坑土壤的改良效果最好,红叶石楠的成活率和生长都优于草炭商品基质与基坑土壤互配(CK_(2)、T1和T2),其对裸根红叶石楠的成活率为76.19%,比草炭商品基质与基坑土壤1∶3最优配比(T1)的红叶石楠的成活率提高了6.66%,其株高、新梢长、叶片数和SPAD值比CK1分别提高了24.7%、2.07倍、87.3%和24.88%。主要是蚓粪栽培基质与基坑土1∶3配比显著提高了土壤的有效磷、速效钾含量,分别比CK1增加了11.58、2.66倍,并显著增加细菌、放线菌和微生物总量,分别比CK1增加了2.84、2.05和2.79倍,尤其是解磷菌数量,比CK1增加了10.56倍,比CK_(2)增加了15.63%,有利于土壤中养分循环利用,提高红叶石楠的存活率,促进其生长。因此,蚓粪栽培基质可以替代草炭商品基质用于改良空中庭院的土壤理化性质,促进空中庭院的绿植生长,减少草炭资源的开发利用。The study aimed at explore effect of earthworm casts culture substrate on the improvement of cultivated soil and the growth of green plants in the air courtyard,reduce the exploitation of peat raw materials in commercial substrate and protect the ecological environment.In this study,the mixing of earthworm casts culture substrate and foundation pit soil was used to carry out pot experiment of Photinia fraseri Dress,and the effects of different culture substrate and soil ratio on soil physical and chemical properties,survival rate and growth of Photinia fraseri Dress were studied under simulated air courtyard environment.The results showed that the mixing substrates effectively increased soil organic matter,soil water content,total porosity and total microorganism,adjusted soil pH,reduced soil bulk density,and played a role in improving foundation pit soil.Among them,the 1∶3 ratio of earthworm casts culture substrate and foundation pit soil(T3)had the best effect on the improvement of foundation pit soil,and the survival rate and growth of Photinia fraseri Dress were better than that of the mixture of peat commercial substrate and foundation pit soil(CK_(2),T1 and T2),and the survival rate of Photinia fraseri Dress was 76.19%.Compared with the optimal ratio of 1∶3 of peat commercial substrate and foundation pit soil(T1),the survival of Photinia fraseri Dress was increased by 6.66%.Compared with CK1,the plant height,new shoot length,number of leaves and SPAD were increased by 24.7%,2.07 times,87.3%and 24.88%,respectively.Mainly,the 1∶3 ratio of earthworm casts culture substrate and foundation pit soil significantly increased the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil,which increased by 11.58 and 2.66 times compared with CK1,respectively.The total amount of bacteria,actinomyces and microorganisms significantly increased by 2.84,2.05 and 2.79 times compared with CK1,respectively.In particular,the number of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria increased by 10.56 times compared with CK1,and 1

关 键 词：蚓粪 空中庭院 栽培基质 土壤改良 红叶石楠 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]