不同生物有机肥改良次生盐渍化土壤及对洋桔梗生长的影响  

Effects of different bio-fertilizers on the improvement of secondary salinized soil and the growth of Eustoma grandiflorum

作　　者：彭佳 汤俊瑜 王豪吉 周瑞春 徐武美 官会林[1] PENG Jia;TANG Jun-yu;WANG Hao-ji;ZHOU Rui-chun;XU Wu-mei;GUAN Hui-lin(Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station of Soil Degradation and Restoration for Cultivating Plateau Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Yunnan Zhinong High-Tech Co.Ltd.,Kunming Yunnan 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学高原特色中药材种植土壤质量演变退化与修复云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650500 [2]云南智农高新技术有限公司,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期128-135,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090025);云南省院士专家工作站项目(202305AF150027)。

摘　　要：为研究不同减盐型生物有机肥对土壤次生盐渍化消减及洋桔梗生长的影响,创制了A型和B型两种生物有机肥料,其施加量分别为9、12、15和18 t·hm^(-2),以常规施肥为对照,比较不同处理对土壤理化特征及洋桔梗生长和枯萎病死率的影响。结果表明:施加A、B两种生物有机肥均显著降低了土壤pH、电导率与全盐含量(P<0.05),增加了土壤有机质含量(P<0.05)。此外,随着生物有机肥施加量的增加,洋桔梗株高、花枝数和花-2卉质量提升,且在15t·hm施加量处理下效果较好(P<0.05);与对照相比,施用生物有机肥的洋桔梗一茬、二茬枯萎病死率显著降低(P<0.05)。方差分解分析表明,施用A、B两种生物有机肥均能调节盐渍化土壤速效养分含量与降低盐渍化水平,从而促进洋桔梗的生长,其解释率分别为74.8%与59.1%。因此,A、B两种生物有机肥均能有效降低枯萎病死率,促进洋桔梗生长和提升花枝品质,且第二茬的作用效果更为明显。To study the effects of different types of salt-reducing bio-organic fertilizers on the remediation of soil secondary salinization and the growth of Eustoma grandiflorum,two types of bio-organic fertilizers,A type and B type,were made with application amounts of 9,12,15,and 18 t·hm^(-2),respectively,and conventional fertilization was used as the control to compare the effects of different treatments on the soil physicochemical characteristics,as well as the growth and wilt mortality rate of Eustoma grandiflorum.The results showed that the application of two types of bio-organic fertilizers significantly reduced soil pH,electrical conductivity,and salt content(P<0.05),and significantly increased soil organic matter content(P<0.05).In addition,with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application,the plant height,number of flower branches,and quality grade of Eustoma grandiflorum were increased,and the best effect was achieved under the treatment of 15 t·hm^(-2) application.The mortality rates before the first and second harvest of Eustoma grandiflorum treated with bio-organic fertilizer was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Variance partitioning analysis showed that the application of both A and B type bioorganic fertilizers promoted the growth of Eustoma grandiflorum by regulating the content of available nutrients in soil and reducing soil salinity,with explanatory rates of 74.8%and 59.1%,respectively.Therefore,both A and B type bio-organic fertilizers could effectively reduce the mortality rate of wilt disease,promote the growth of Eustoma grandiflorum,and improve the quality of flower branches;the effect of the second cultivation was more significant.

关 键 词：洋桔梗 土壤盐渍化 生物有机肥 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]