微藻生物肥对大豆生长及其土壤氮转化功能基因的影响  

Effects of microalgae bio-fertilizer on soybean growth and functional genes related to nitrogen transformation

作　　者：罗建平 杜晨璐 王雪姣 唐海洋 王红雷 韦革宏[3] LUO Jian-ping;DU Chen-lu;WANG Xue-jiao;TANG Hai-yang;WANG Hong-lei;WEI Ge-hong(College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Shannxi Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Environment Microbiology,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西农业与环境微生物重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期136-144,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项青年科学家项目(2021YFD1900500)。

摘　　要：为缓解化肥过度施用造成的一系列环境问题,选取蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa GY-D12)进行规模化培养以制备微藻生物肥料。研究设置微藻生物肥(MF)、尿素(U)和对照(CK)3个处理,通过盆栽试验探究微藻生物肥对土壤养分、大豆生长以及土壤氮转化相关功能基因的影响。结果表明:(1)与CK处理相比,MF处理能提高土壤有机质、总氮、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,降低土壤硝态氮的含量,且MF处理的土壤养分提升效果优于U处理。(2)与U处理相比,MF处理能显著增加大豆植株高度、根长、根鲜重、地上部鲜重、根干重以及大豆光合色素含量,但与CK处理相比会显著降低大豆根瘤数。(3)与CK处理相比,MF处理能显著提高土壤AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA的基因丰度,促进土壤硝化作用。(4)与U处理相比,MF处理能显著降低土壤反硝化功能基因(narG、nirK)丰度,并显著增加nifD、nrfA基因丰度,促进土壤固氮和硝酸盐异化还原为铵的过程。因此,微藻生物肥作为一种有机缓释肥在保证作物正常生长所需养分外,还能有效减少因淋溶、径流等造成的氮素损失,维持土壤氮素平衡,对实现农业生产过程中的节能降碳、绿色发展具有重要意义。In this study,Chlorella pyrenoidosa GY-D12 was used for large-scale culture to prepare microalgae bio-fertilizer,in order to alleviate a series of environmental problems caused by over-fertilization.Three treatments were set up in the experiment,including microalgae bio-fertilizer(MF),urea(U)and control(CK).The effects of microalgae bio-fertilizer on soil nutrients,soybean growth and functional genes related to nitrogen transformation were investigated by pot experiment.The results showed that:(1)Compared with CK,MF treatment increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and reduced the content of soil nitrate nitrogen;(2)Compared with U,MF treatment significantly increased the plant height,root length,root fresh weight,shoot fresh weight,root dry weight and photosynthetic pigment content of soybean,but significantly reduced the number of soybean nodules compared with CK treatment.(3)Compared with CK,MF treatment significantly increased the gene abundance of soil AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA,and accelerated soil nitrification process.(4)Compared with U,MF treatment significantly reduced the soil denitrification functional genes(narG,nirK)abundance,and significantly increased the abundance of nifD and nrfA genes,and promoted the process of soil nitrogen fixation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.Thus,as an organic slow-release fertilizer,microalgal bio-fertilizer can not only support the normal growth of crops,but also effectively reduce nitrogen loss(including leaching,runoff,etc.)and maintain soil nitrogen balance.It is of great significance to realize energy saving,carbon reduction and green development in the process of agricultural production.

关 键 词：微藻生物肥 功能基因 土壤养分 大豆 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] S565.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]