秸秆还田与施氮水平对大豆氮素吸收分配及产量的影响  

Effects of straw returning and nitrogen application levels on nitrogen absorption and distribution and yield of soybean

作　　者：杨栗恒 尚磊 王孟雪[1] 张云贵[2] 张敏 王鹏[1,4] YANG Li-heng;SHANG Lei;WANG Meng-xue;ZHANG Yun-gui;ZHANG Min;WANG Peng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Daxijiang Farm Co.Ltd.,Nenjiang Heilongjiang 161448;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]北大荒集团黑龙江大西江农场有限公司,黑龙江嫩江161448 [4]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期164-173,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD1000105)。

摘　　要：通过探究玉米-大豆轮作体系下玉米秸秆连续还田与施氮水平对大豆干物质、氮素积累分配及产量的影响,为黑土区大豆氮素养分管理提供理论依据。以‘黑河43’为供试大豆品种,在秸秆未还田试验区设置常规施肥(N 49.2 kg/hm^(2),N2-)处理,在高肥试验区(G,有机质含量≥45 g/kg)与低肥试验区(D,有机质含量<45 g/kg)分别设置秸秆还田条件下不施肥处理(CK)、不施氮肥处理(N0kg/hm^(2),N0)、常规减氮30%处理(N34.4kg/hm^(2),N1)、常规施氮处理(N 49.2 kg/hm^(2),N2)、常规增氮20%处理(N 59.0 kg/hm^(2),N3)。分析了大豆不同生育时期根、茎、叶、荚和籽粒氮素积累分配、大豆生物量和产量的变化行为。结果表明,2年2试验区秸秆还田与秸秆未还田相比显著提高了大豆产量、干物质量和氮素积累量,增加幅度分别为15.1%~26.0%、44.1%~287.4%和15.6%~54.4%。秸秆还田6~7年后,2年2试验区大豆产量、干物质量和氮素积累量均以施氮量N 34.4 kg/hm^(2)(N1)处理最高,与施氮量N 49.2 kg/hm^(2)(N2)处理相比,增加幅度分别为0.4%~2.1%、0.9%~24.0%和10.3%~20.7%;2022年与施氮量N 49.2 kg/hm^(2)(N2)处理相比,施氮量N 59.0 kg/hm^(2)(N3)处理大豆产量、植株干物质积累量和氮素积累量呈现出降低趋势,在高肥试验区降低程度更为显著。综上,玉米-大豆轮作体系下玉米秸秆连续还田能够显著提高大豆氮素吸收积累量及产量,以秸秆还田下常规减氮30%(N 34.4 kg/hm^(2),N1)为黑土区大豆适宜氮肥用量。The effects of continuous returning of corn straw and nitrogen application level on dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and distribution and yield of soybean under maize-soybean rotation system were investigated to provide theoretical basis for nitrogen nutrient management of soybean in black soil area.In this study,Heihe 43 was used as the test soybean variety,and a conventional fertilization(N 49.2 kg/hm^(2),N2-)treatment was set up in the experimental area without straw returning.In the high-fertilizer test area(G,organic matter content≥45 g/kg)and the low-fertilizer test area(D,organic matter content<45 g/kg),no fertilizer treatment(CK),no nitrogen fertilizer treatment(N 0 kg/hm^(2),N0),conventional nitrogen reduction 30%treatment(N 34.4 kg/hm^(2),N1),conventional nitrogen application treatment(N 49.2 kg/hm^(2),N2),and conventional nitrogen increase 20%treatment(N 59.0 kg/hm^(2),N3)were set up under the condition of straw returning.The changes of nitrogen accumulation and distribution in roots,stems,leaves,pods and grains,biomass and yield of soybean at different growth stages were analyzed.The results showed that compared with no straw returning,straw returning significantly increased soybean yield,dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation by 15.1%-26.0%,44.1%-287.4%and 15.6%-54.4%,respectively.After 6-7 years of straw returning,the yield,dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation of soybean in 2 years and 2 fertilizer areas were the highest in the treatment of N 34.4 kg/hm^(2)(N1).Compared with the treatment of N 49.2 kg/hm^(2)(N2),the increase rates were 0.4%-2.1%,0.9%-24.0%and 10.3%-20.7%,respectively.In 2022,compared with the treatment of N 49.2 kg/hm^(2)(N2),the yield,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of soybean treated with N 59.0 kg/hm^(2)(N3)showed a decreasing trend,and the degree of reduction was more significant in high fertilizer area.In summary,the continuous returning of corn straw to the field under the maize-soybean rotation system could significantly increase the nitrogen absor

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮素分配 大豆 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]