吉林省半干旱地区滴灌玉米的磷肥用量研究  

Study on the amount of phosphate fertilizer under mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid area

作　　者：孙博 吴振洋 秦裕波[1] 李前[1] 赵胤凯 刘志全[1] 王蒙 SUN Bo;WU Zhen-yang;QIN Yu-bo;LI Qian;ZHAO Yin-kai;LIU Zhi-quan;WANG Meng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun Jilin 130033;Qian Gorlos Mongolian Autonomous County Hongguang Farm Co.Ltd.,Songyuan Jilin 131100;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun Jilin 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)农业资源与环境研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县红光农场有限公司,吉林松原131100 [3]吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)大豆研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期174-182,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：吉林省农业科学院创新工程(第二批)项目(E32010251);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202024NC)。

摘　　要：为解决吉林省半干旱区磷肥施用量大问题,探究覆膜滴灌条件下不同磷肥用量对玉米产量及植株磷吸收转运的影响,为覆膜滴灌模式下的磷肥高效利用提供最佳策略。2017-2018年在吉林省半干旱区开展了玉米膜下滴灌田间试验,共设5个磷肥用量处理(0、30、60、90、120 kg·hm^(-2)),并测定了不同处理玉米产量、植株磷素积累量,分析磷素积累比例、转运特征及磷肥利用效率。结果表明,施磷显著提高玉米产量,在0~90 kg·hm^(-2)施磷范围内,玉米产量均随施磷量的增加而增加,当施磷量达到120 kg·hm^(-2)时,玉米产量开始下降;施磷量在90 kg·hm^(-2)时,玉米对磷肥的利用率较高,玉米植株总磷积累量达到最高,较不施磷处理平均提高42%;玉米茎秆和叶片的磷积累量在成熟期达到最低值,籽粒的磷积累量在成熟期达到最高值;施磷提高了玉米吐丝至成熟期磷素积累比例和转运量,较不施磷处理分别提高7.35%~35.45%和1.63%~15.29%,但不同施磷处理间吐丝前后积累比例和转运量不显著。综合考虑玉米产量、植株磷积累量及磷转运特征,吉林省半干旱区膜下滴灌玉米的施磷量为90 kg·hm^(-2)时可提高产量、促进植株磷素积累转运和高效利用。To solve the problem of large and unreasonable of phosphate fertilizer application in semi-arid area of Jilin province,it is necessary to study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize yield and phosphorus uptake and transportation under mulched drip irrigation mode,which could provide the best strategy for the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer under mulched drip irrigation mode.A field experiment of maize under mulched drip irrigation was carried out in semi-arid areas of Jilin province from 2017 to 2018.Five phosphorus fertilizer application rates were set up,including 0,30,60,90 and 120 kg·hm^(-2).The yield and phosphorus accumulation of maize under different treatments were measured,and the proportion of phosphorus accumulation and transport characteristics,and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency were analyzed.Results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer significantly improved maize yield.When the amount of phosphate fertilizer was 0-90 kg·hm^(-2),the yield of maize was increased with the application of phosphate fertilizer,when the phosphorus fertilizer application amount reached 120 kg·hm^(-2),the yield of maize was decreased.When the phosphorus application rate was 90 kg·hm^(-2),the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was higher,and the total phosphorus accumulation of maize plants was the highest,which was 42%higher than that of nonphosphorus treatment.The phosphorus accumulation of maize stems and leaves reached the lowest value at the maturity stage,and the phosphorus accumulation of grains reached the highest value at the maturity stage.Phosphorus application increased the proportion of phosphorus accumulation and translocation from silking to maturity,which were 7.35%-35.45%and 1.63%-15.29%higher than those without phosphorus application,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in the proportion of phosphorus accumulation and translocation before and after silking among different phosphorus treatments.Comprehensi

关 键 词：半干旱区 膜下滴灌 玉米 产量 磷素吸收转运 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]