微波消解法在生物炭基有机肥料氮、磷、钾含量测定中的应用  

Application of microwave digestion in determination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in biochar-based organic fertilizer

作　　者：崔鑫 杨旭 CUI Xin;YANG Xu(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang Liaoning 110866;Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang Liaoning 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期273-280,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0192700);国家自然科学基金项目(42207382)。

摘　　要：为了提升生物炭基有机肥料中氮、磷、钾元素测定的准确性与适用性,通过对比评估两种主流的样品前处理方法:NY/T 3618—2020《生物炭基有机肥料》标准采用的硫酸-过氧化氢消煮法,以及微波消解技术。通过响应面试验设计对微波消解过程中的酸体系配比进行了精细优化,得到生物炭基有机肥样品最佳消煮酸系配比为:5 mL硫酸+1 mL高氯酸+2.5 mL氢氟酸,进而研发出一种适合于生物炭及其衍生制品中氮、磷、钾元素测定的微波消解新方法。对比标准方法的验证结果显示,对于生物炭基有机肥料样本,微波消解法测得的样品相对标准偏差为0.04%~0.37%,低于标准方法,其消解效率较高,检测结果的重现性更佳,测定时间上具有显著优势。To enhance the applicability and precision of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium element analysis in biochar-based organic fertilizers,this study conducted a comparative analysis of two digestion methods:the sulfuric acidhydrogen peroxide digestion method outlined in the NY/T 3618—2020 standard Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizers,and the microwave digestion method.This study optimized the acid system ratio in the microwave digestion method through a response surface experimental design,the optimal acid system ratio of biochar-based organic fertilizer samples was 5 mL H2SO_(4)+1 mL HClO_(4)+2.5 mL HF,thereby developing a novel microwave digestion approach suitable for the analysis of biochar and its related products.Compared with the standard method,the verification experiment results showed that the relative standard deviation of the samples measured by microwave digestion method was 0.04%-0.37%,which was lower than the standard method.The experimental results demonstrated that for biochar-based organic fertilizer samples,the microwave digestion method could not only offer higher digestion efficiency but also provide better reproducibility in detection results,with a significant advantage in analysis duration.

关 键 词：生物炭基有机肥 响应面试验 微波消煮 养分含量 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]