基于界面化学调控的尾矿固液分离药剂研究进展  

Research progress on solid-liquid separation reagents for tailings based on interfacial chemistry regulation

作　　者：董英荻 华中宝 曾勇 王丽[1,2] 唐鸿鹄[1,2] 孙伟[1,2] DONG Yingdi;HUA Zhongbao;ZENG Yong;WANG Li;TANG Honghu;SUN Wei(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Engineering Research Center of Carbon Emission Reduction in Development and Utilization of Metal Resources,Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学金属资源开发利用碳减排教育部工程研究中心,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期819-833,共15页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52474310);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023RC3067);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2023JJ20071);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904501)。

摘　　要：随着全球对矿产资源需求的快速增长,矿业开发过程产生的尾矿量显著增加。高效的固液分离技术是处置这些大宗尾矿的基础和关键,而研发精准匹配的固液分离药剂是提升尾矿处理效率的核心。本文针对尾矿固液分离过程,分析了絮凝沉降、浓密输送以及过滤脱水等环节中的关键问题与技术难点,总结了各环节所涉及界面化学调控药剂的最新进展,并探讨了这些固液分离药剂的界面化学调控机制与性能强化机制。最后,从理论完善、新技术开发以及多工艺协同强化等方面对尾矿固液分离技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以便为促进矿产资源行业的清洁生产提供借鉴和参考。With the rapid growth of global demand for mineral resources,the production of tailings during mining development also significantly increases.Efficient solid-liquid separation technology is the foundation and key to the disposal of these large quantities of tailings,while the research and development of accurately matched solid-liquid separation reagents are the core to strength the process.In this paper,the key issues and technical difficulties in the tailings solid-liquid separation process,including flocculation sedimentation,thickening transportation,and filtration dewatering were comprehensively analyzed,the latest advancements in interfacial chemical regulation reagents involved in each step,and the interfacial chemical regulation mechanisms and performance enhancement mechanisms of these solid-liquid separation reagents were summarized.Finally,the development trends of tailings solid-liquid separation technology from the aspects of theoretical perfection,new technology development and multi-process collaborative enhancement were prospected,which can provide references and guidance for promoting the clean production of the mineral resources industry.

关 键 词：尾矿 固液分离 界面化学调控 流变性 絮凝沉降 浓密输送 

分 类 号：TD926[矿业工程—选矿]