湿法炼锌溶液矿化沉铁过程中镉、铊离子沉淀行为与机理  

Precipitation behavior and mechanism of cadmium and thallium ions in Fe mineralization precipitation from zinc hydrometallurgical solution

作　　者：彭晓华 赵广福 李兴彬[1] 张小飞 杨荣净 邓志敢[1] 魏昶[1] PENG Xiaohua;ZHAO Guangfu;LI Xingbin;ZHANG Xiaofei;YANG Rongjing;DENG Zhigan;WEI Chang(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Chihong Zn&Ge Co.Ltd.,Qujing 655011,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期834-843,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51964029);云南省重大科技专项项目(202302AG050008,202302AB080012);云南省科技人才计划项目(202405AC350015)。

摘　　要：针对湿法炼锌溶液矿化沉铁过程中镉、铊离子共沉淀行为与机制不清楚的问题,分别以化学试剂配制的ZnSO_(4)-FeSO_(4)-CdSO_(4)溶液和由某锌冶炼厂提供的含Tl浸出液为原料,于150℃下开展了矿化沉铁实验。采用化学滴定法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描式电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等多种检测方法研究沉铁产物的元素含量、物相组成、矿物形貌、元素分布、元素价态等。研究结果表明:沉铁产物中的Fe主要以Fe_(2)O_(3)形式存在,其他物相为铁羟基氧化物(Fe_(2-x)/3(OH)_(x)O_(3-x))、铁矾等化合物;在矿化沉铁过程中,溶液中的Cd^(2+)、Tl^(+)部分沉淀并进入铁羟基氧化物、黄钾铁矾、黄钠铁矾等物相;当初始Cd^(2+)的质量浓度为1~10 g/L,Cd^(2+)的沉淀率低于0.3%,沉淀产物的Cd质量分数为0.06%,这部分Cd是以间隙或原子替代的方式进入铁羟基氧化物晶体中,与羟基(—OH)和O^(2-)配位;在沉铁产物中,Cd在赤铁矿、铁矾等不同含铁物相中的含量基本一致;在矿化沉铁过程中,溶液中30.2%的铊沉淀入渣,沉铁产物的Tl的质量分数为120.32 g/t;当溶液中含有K^(+)、Na^(+)时,铁矾的生成会促进Tl^(+)的沉淀,Tl^(+)与K^(+)、Na^(+)以铁矾[Tl_(x)Na_(y)K_(1-x-y)]Fe_(3)(SO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(6)形式发生共沉淀。To address the lack of clarity regarding the co-precipitation behavior and mechanisms of cadmium(Cd)and thallium(Tl)ions during iron mineralization precipitation from zinc hydrometallurgical solution,iron mineralization precipitation experiments were conducted at 150℃ by using a ZnSO_(4)-FeSO_(4)-CdSO_(4)solution prepared from chemical reagents and a Tl-containing leaching solution provided by a zinc smelter as raw materials.Chemical titration,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and other analytical techniques were employed to systematically investigate the elemental composition,phase structure,mineral morphology,elemental distribution,and oxidation states of the iron precipitation products.The results show that the Fe in the precipitation products mainly exists in the form of Fe_(2)O_(3),and the other phases are compounds such as iron oxyhydroxides(Fe_(2-x)/3(OH)xO_(3-x))and jarosite.During the iron mineralization precipitation,some cadmium and thallium in the solution precipitats and enters into the compounds such as iron oxyhydroxides,K-jarosite,and Na-jarosite.When the initial Cd^(2+)mass concentration is 1~10 g/L,the precipitation rate of cadmium ion is always lower than 0.3%.The mass fraction of Cd in the precipitation products is only 0.06%,and Cd is incorporated into the iron oxyhydroxides(Fe_(2-x)/3(OH)_(x)O_(3-x))crystal structure through interstitial occupation or atomic substitution.Cd in the iron oxyhydroxides is coordinated with hydroxyl group(—OH)and O^(2-).The Cd content is the same in different iron-bearing phases such as hematite and jarosite.In the iron mineralization precipitation,about 30.2% thallium ions in the solution precipitates into the precipitation product,and the mass fraction of Tl in the precipitation product is about 120.32 g/t.When K^(+)and Na^(+)co-exist in the solution,the formation of jarosite phases will

关 键 词：湿法炼锌 矿化沉铁 镉 铊 沉淀行为 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]