湿法回收废旧碱性锌锰电池的研究进展  

Review of hydrometallurgical processes for recycling spent alkaline Zn-MnO_(2)batteries

作　　者：程志伟 郭孟伟 王朝武 高明远 华一新[1,2] 徐存英 汝娟坚[1] 李艳 张启波[1,2] CHENG Zhiwei;GUO Mengwei;WANG Chaowu;GAO Mingyuan;HUA Yixin;XU Cunying;RU Juanjian;LI Yan;ZHANG Qibo(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilizationin Yunnan Province,in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南省复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期844-858,共15页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202302AG050008);云南省基础研究专项(202401CF070150);昆明理工大学“双一流”创建联合专项基金资助项目(202301BE070001-063)。

摘　　要：本文综述了湿法冶金技术在废旧碱性锌锰电池回收中的应用进展,重点分析了锌和锰的浸出与选择性分离工艺,比较了不同溶剂体系下的回收效果,并探讨了各工艺的技术优势和环境影响。研究结果表明:湿法冶金技术在回收过程中能够得到较高的金属回收率;相较于火法回收,湿法回收环境影响小、能耗低。同时,湿法回收废旧碱性锌锰电池工艺存在共性问题与技术难点,例如溶剂选择性差、资源利用效率低等。为了满足大规模应用的需求,未来研究应聚焦于推动湿法回收废旧碱性锌锰电池工艺朝着绿色化和可持续化方向发展。建议开发新型环保型溶剂体系,探索新型浸出剂和还原剂,使用辅助手段提高浸出效率;提升工艺自动化与智能化水平,并加强对废旧电池的收集和处理环节的管理;优化回收工艺,改进废液处理技术,实现资源的全面回收;提升回收产品的附加值,满足新型储能材料的需求,推动电池回收的绿色发展。湿法冶金技术在废旧碱性锌锰电池回收中具有广阔的发展前景,随着技术不断创新和优化,有望为资源回收和环境保护做出更大贡献。A review was presented on the application progress of hydrometallurgical technology in recycling spent alkaline zinc-manganese batteries,with a focus on the leaching and selective separation processes of zinc and manganese.A comparison was made for the recycling efficiency in different solvent systems,and an analysis was conducted for the technical advantages and environmental impacts of various processes.The results show that hydrometallurgical technology achieves higher metal recovery rates compared with pyrometallurgical methods,while exhibits significantly lower environmental burdens and energy consumption.The common issues and technical challenges exist in the hydrometallurgical recycling process of spent alkaline zinc-manganese batteries,such as poor solvent selectivity and low resource utilization efficiency.To meet the demands of large-scale applications,future research should be focused on promoting the development of this recycling process towards green and sustainable directions through technological optimization.Novel eco-friendly solvent systems should be developed,with new leaching agents and reductants to be explored,coupled with auxiliary methods to enhance leaching efficiency.Automation and intelligence levels need to be upgraded throughout the recycling process,supported by strengthened management of battery collection and treatment.Value-added applications must be created for recycled products to meet the emerging energy storage materials requirements.Hydrometallurgical technology holds substantial potential for sustainable battery recycling,and significantly contributes to resources recovery and environmental protection through continuous technological innovation.

关 键 词：废旧碱性锌锰电池 绿色回收 湿法冶金 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]