盘-鼓-轴耦合结构振动的有限元模型及实验验证  

Finite element model and experimental verification of vibration of disk-drum-shaft coupling structure

作　　者：张宏生 徐昆鹏 孙伟[1,2] 刘晓峰 ZHANG Hongsheng;XU Kunpeng;SUN Wei;LIU Xiaofeng(School of Mechanical Engineering&Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion Systems Ministry of Education of China,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北大学航空动力装备振动及控制教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期923-931,共9页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(J2022-Ⅳ-0005-0022)。

摘　　要：盘-鼓-轴耦合结构作为航空发动机的一类核心部件结构,其振动特性严重影响着航空发动机的性能。针对结构差异较大的盘、鼓、轴结构,首先基于一阶剪切理论推导了适用于盘、鼓、轴结构的刚度矩阵与质量矩阵的有限元通用表达式;其次,为了准确模拟耦合连接效应和整体结构的边界条件,构造了一种八自由度弹簧单元;第三,将盘、鼓、轴各个结构的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵与所构造的各位置的弹簧单元矩阵按照顺序分别组集到盘-鼓-轴耦合结构总刚度矩阵和总质量矩阵,从而建立盘-鼓-轴耦合结构的力学模型;最后,将有限元模型仿真结果与实验测试结果进行了对比,验证了建模方法的有效性。研究结果表明:有限元模型与实验测试的前7阶固有频率最大相对误差为2.854%,最小相对误差为0.408%,平均相对误差为1.581%;有限元模型仿真振型与实验测试振型吻合度较高,验证了本文提出的建模方法的有效性。Disk-drum-shaft coupled structure,as a core component of an aircraft engine,has its vibration characteristics significantly affecting engine's performance.Firstly,based on the first-order shear deformation theory,finite element general expressions for stiffness and mass matrices applicable to disk,drum and shaft structures were derived.Secondly,in order to accurately simulate the coupling effect and the boundary conditions of the whole structure,an eight-degree-of-freedom spring element was constructed.Thirdly,stiffness and mass matrices of disk,drum and shaft structures were assembled in sequence with spring element matrices at each location to form total stiffness matrix and total mass matrix of disk-drum-shaft coupled structure,thereby establishing mechanical model of coupled structure.Finally,simulation results of finite element model were compared with experimental test results,and the effectiveness of the modeling method was verified.The results show that maximum relative error between finite element model and first 7 natural frequencies is 2.854%,the minimum relative error is 0.408%,and the average relative error is 1.581%.Simulation mode of finite element model is in good agreement with experimental mode,which verifies the validity of modeling method proposed in this paper.

关 键 词：一阶剪切理论 盘-鼓-轴耦合结构 有限元法 固有特性 模态测试 

分 类 号：V231[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TB535[理学—物理]