露天煤矿地质灾害特征与危险性评估研究  

Study on geological hazard characteristics and risk assessment of open-pit coal mines

作　　者：张楠 Zhang Nan(Henan fourth Geological Brigade Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省第四地质大队有限公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《能源与环保》2025年第3期136-141,共6页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

摘　　要：露天煤矿的过度开采,引发泥石流、滑坡和地裂缝等地质灾害,影响了矿区和周边居民的安全。采用动力—压力—状态—响应(DPSR)模型作为评估工具,通过地质勘探获取矿区的构造和煤层信息;利用DPSR模型分析了地质灾害的原因,对比了雨季和旱季高位监测点的位移量变化,评估了不同类型边坡的安全系数。结果显示,页岩夹层在滑坡灾害中占比最高为44.25%,而第四系占比仅为1.95%;雨季期间高位监测点的位移量显著增加,为50~250 mm;旱季增量较小,为50~150 mm。有植被覆盖的边坡安全系数最好,大于等于2.3;而开采范围内倾斜角较大且土质软的边坡安全系数较低,小于0.3。因此,构建的模型能够有效评估露天煤矿地质灾害特征与危险,降低了地质灾害发生的概率。The excessive mining of open-pit coal mines causes geological disasters such as debris flows,landslides and ground fissures,which affect the safety of the mining area and surrounding residents.The power-pressure-state-response(DPSR)model was used as an evaluation tool to obtain the structure and coal seam information of the mining area through geological exploration.The causes of geological disasters were analyzed,the displacement changes of high monitoring points in rainy and dry seasons were compared,and the safety factors of different types of slopes were evaluated.The results showed that the shale inter layer accounted for the highest proportion of 44.25%in the landslide disaster,while the lowest proportion of quaternary was only 1.95%.The displacement of the high monitoring sites increased significantly during the rainy season,ranging from 50 mm to 250 mm;the increment during the dry season is relatively small,ranging from 50 to 150 mm.The slope with vegetation coverage has the best safety factor,greater than or equal to 2.3.However,the safety factor of the large slope and soft slope is low,less than 0.3.Therefore,the constructed model can effectively evaluate the characteristics and dangers of geological disasters in open-pit coal mines,and reduce the probability of geological disasters in open-pit coal mines.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 地质灾害 危险评估 DPSR模型 滑坡地裂缝 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]