艾滋病HIV筛查中抗体ELISA法的应用优势分析  

Analysis of the Application Advantages of Antibody ELISA Method in HIV Screening for AIDS

作　　者：张月英 王凯 殷晓冬 ZHANG Yueying;WANG Kai;YIN Xiaodong(Laboratory Department,Yanggu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province,Yanggu 252300,Shandong,China;Laboratory Department,Yanggu County People's Hospital of Shandong Province,Yanggu 252300,Shandong,China;Laboratory Department,Hospital of Taian Tourism Economic Development Zone,Taian 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省阳谷县疾病预防控制中心检验科,山东阳谷252300 [2]山东省阳谷县人民医院检验科,山东阳谷252300 [3]泰安市旅游经济开发区医院检验科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《系统医学》2025年第5期40-42,47,共4页Systems Medicine

摘　　要：目的对比艾滋病人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)筛查中抗体酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)及胶体金法的诊断价值。方法非随机选取2023年1—12月阳谷县疾病预防控制中心疑似艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)并接受临床诊断的150例患者为研究对象。患者均接受胶体金法、ELISA检查,以免疫印迹法为金标准,对比不同检查方法的诊断效能。结果150例疑似AIDS患者中,HIV抗体阳性139例,阴性11例。ELSIA法的特异度、灵敏度和准确度分别为81.82%(9/11)、99.28%(138/139)、98.00%(147/150),均高于胶体金法的27.27%(3/11)、91.37%(127/139)、86.67%(130/150),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.080、9.764、13.609,P均<0.05)。结论ELISA法诊断AIDS的诊断效能比胶体金法更高,能够为疾病诊断提供准确依据。Objective To compare the diagnostic value of antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and colloidal gold method in screening for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)in AIDS.Methods A total of 150 patients who were suspected of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and received clinical diagnosis from January to December 2023 in Yanggu County Disease Prevention and Control Centre were non-randomly selected as study subjects.The patients were examined by colloidal gold method and ELISA,and the diagnostic efficacy of different examination methods was compared with immunoblotting method as the gold standard.Results Among the 150 patients with suspected AIDS,139 were HIV antibody positive and 11 were negative.The specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of the ELSIA method were 81.82%(9/11),99.28%(138/139),and 98.00%(147/150),respectively,which were higher than 27.27%(3/11),91.37%(127/139),86.67%(130/150)of the colloidal gold method,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.080,9.764,13.609,all P<0.05).Conclusion The diagnostic efficacy of ELISA method for diagnosing AIDS is higher than colloidal gold method,which can provide an accurate basis for the diagnosis of the disease.

关 键 词：艾滋病 人类免疫缺陷病毒 胶体金法 抗体酶联免疫吸附法 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]