基于直流电压同步的构网型直驱风电机组暂态控制方法  

Transient Control Method for Grid-forming Direct-drive Wind Turbine Unit Based on DC Voltage Synchronization

作　　者：邓桢彦 王晗[1] 周少泽 曹云峰[1] 王伟 蔡旭[1] DENG Zhenyan;WANG Han;ZHOU Shaoze;CAO Yunfeng;Wang Wei;CAI Xu(Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion,Ministry of Education(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Shanghai 200240,China;State Grid Electric Power Research Institute(NARI Group Corporation),Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海市200240 [2]国网电力科学研究院有限公司(南瑞集团有限公司),江苏省南京市211106

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2025年第7期2-12,共11页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB2402703);国家电网公司科技项目(52272222001J)。

摘　　要：“双高”电力系统呈现出弱惯量、低短路比特性,跟网型新能源无法自主提供系统所需的暂态频率和电压支撑,采用构网型控制被视为解决这一问题的关键。构网型变流器体现为电压源特性,然而受限于功率器件的过流能力有限,故障下其暂态电流控制是难题。全功率直驱风电机组可采用直流电压同步实现构网,并附加电流控制环路抑制暂态电流以实现故障穿越。然而,该方法仍存在故障发生和恢复瞬间的冲击电流,容易导致变流器因控制策略保护而失去暂态支撑能力。针对该问题,通过对直流电压同步构网型全功率风电机组在电网故障下的短路电流产生机理及功率响应机制进行分析,提出一种改进暂态控制方法。该方法采用电压矢量限幅器实现内电势与故障电压的快速匹配以限制短路电流的稳态分量,并引入自适应调节虚拟电阻以抑制短路电流的暂态分量。此外,在故障期间闭锁同步环路和无功环路,以维持机组的电压源特性实现自发功率响应。通过仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。The power system with high proportion of renewable energy and high proportion of power electric equipment presents the characteristics of weak inertia and low short-circuit ratio,and the grid-following renewable energy cannot independently provide the transient frequency and voltage support required by the system.The adoption of grid-forming control is regarded as the key to solving this problem.Grid-forming converters manifest voltage source characteristics.However,due to the limited overcurrent capability of power devices,controlling transient currents during faults poses a challenge.Full-power direct-drive wind turbine units can employ DC voltage synchronization to achieve grid-forming,and an additional current controller is applied to suppress transient currents for fault ride-through.Nevertheless,this method still experiences impact currents during fault occurrence and recovery moments,risking the loss of transient support capability due to protection control strategy for converters.In response to this issue,by analyzing the short-circuit current generation mechanism and power response mechanism of grid-forming full-power wind turbine units using DC voltage synchronization during grid faults,an improved transient control method is proposed.The method employs a voltage vector limiter to achieve rapid matching of internal potential with fault voltage to limit the steady-state component of short-circuit current.Additionally,a nonlinear virtual resistor is introduced to achieve fast control of internal potential compensation to suppress the transient component of short-circuit current.Furthermore,during faults,the synchronization loop and reactive power loop are blocked to maintain the voltage source characteristics of the unit and achieve autonomous power response.The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through simulation and experimental validation.

关 键 词：构网型控制 风电机组 直流电压同步 暂态响应 短路电流 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]