类胡萝卜素在甲壳动物水产养殖中的研究进展  

Research progress of carotenoid utilization and function in crustacean aquaculture

作　　者：王伟隆 马卓君 李惟铨 王茜 薛毓才 易敢峰 黄旭雄[1,2,3] WANG Weilong;MA Zhuojun;LI Weiquan;WANG Xi;XUE Yucai;YI Ganfeng;HUANG Xuxiong(China-ASEAN"Belt and Road"Joint Laboratory of Mariculture Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,中国-东盟海水养殖技术“一带一路”联合实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期1-23,共23页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市农业科技创新项目(T2023327);国家自然科学基金(31902385)。

摘　　要：类胡萝卜素对甲壳动物具有重要的营养生理作用。甲壳动物自身无法合成类胡萝卜素,必须通过代谢和转化外源类胡萝卜素来满足特定养殖阶段、养殖条件下的生理生态适应性需求。目前,相关研究主要聚焦于探讨饲料中添加不同类胡萝卜素对虾蟹等甲壳动物在生长性能、体色调控、抗氧化能力、免疫性能和抗逆境能力等方面的影响,有关类胡萝卜素在甲壳动物体内的代谢途径及调控机制的研究仍显不足,亟待深入揭示。本文综合分析并总结了甲壳动物体内类胡萝卜素的组成及分布、外源类胡萝卜素的种类及来源、甲壳动物对外源类胡萝卜素的有效利用及营养需求等相关研究进展,并在此基础上提出了深入探究甲壳动物体内类胡萝卜素代谢途径的思路,着重于确定参与代谢的关键酶基因以及解析其生物学功能。这将有助于加深对类胡萝卜素这一类条件性必需营养素在甲壳动物体内代谢及调控基础的认识,为实现外源类胡萝卜素在甲壳动物养殖过程中的高效利用提供坚实的科学依据。Carotenoid plays a significant role in the nutrition and physiology of crustaceans.Crustaceans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo but can metabolize and converse external carotenoid to meet the specific physiological and ecological adaptation needs during different stages.To date,research on the carotenoid’s nutritional requirements of crustaceans has primarily focused on the impact of adding astaxanthin to their diets on parameters such as growth performance,colouration regulation,antioxidant capacity,reproductive performance,immune function,and stress resistance.However,there is still limited understanding of the metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of carotenoids within crustaceans.This necessitates further research to uncover these aspects.Building on the comprehensive analysis and summarization of studies regarding the composition and distribution of carotenoids within crustaceans,the types and sources of external carotenoids,the effective utilization of external carotenoids by crustaceans,and the nutritional requirements of crustaceans for external carotenoids,this article proposes a deeper exploration of the metabolic pathways of carotenoids within crustaceans.It suggests identifying the key enzyme genes involved in carotenoid metabolism and elucidating their biological functions.This approach aims to advance our understanding of the metabolism and regulation of carotenoids,which are essential conditional nutrients for crustaceans,and provide a scientific basis for efficiently utilising of external carotenoids in crustacean aquaculture.

关 键 词：甲壳动物 类胡萝卜素 营养需求 代谢机制 

分 类 号：S963.73[农业科学—水产养殖]