万山群岛长鳍篮子鱼与云斑海猪鱼的营养生态位特征  

Trophic niche characteristics of Siganus canaliculatus and Halichoeres nigrescens in Wanshan Islands

作　　者：石娟 李纯厚[1,2] 王腾 王春伶 赵金发 宋晓宇 吴鹏 肖雅元 林琳[1,2] 刘永 SHI Juan;LI Chunhou;WANG Teng;WANG Chunling;ZHAO Jinfa;SONG Xiaoyu;WU Peng;XIAO Yayuan;LIN Lin;LIU Yong(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province,Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province,Sanya 572018,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572018 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期83-95,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901204,2019YFD0901201);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019B1515120065);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201001);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD16);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021SD04,2019TS28)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究万山群岛长鳍篮子鱼和云斑海猪鱼优势鱼类的营养结构特征,掌握优势鱼类资源竞争关系。【方法】利用碳氮稳定同位素对长鳍篮子鱼和云斑海猪鱼展开营养生态位研究并计算了两个种群的营养结构指标。【结果】长鳍篮子鱼和云斑海猪鱼的δ^(15)N值变化范围分别为9.15‰~14.09‰和10.34‰~14.60‰,δ^(13)C值为-19.87‰~-14.54‰和-18.16‰~-15.60‰,平均营养级为3.05和3.30。δ^(13)C-δ^(15)N营养生态位结构分析表明,两个种群之间存在资源竞争关系,长鳍篮子鱼营养生态位宽幅和营养结构多样性均高于云斑海猪鱼,食物来源更广泛,对资源的竞争与利用能力更强。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,两个种群体长与δ^(13)C之间均不存在显著相关性,但与δ^(15)N呈现显著的相关性,其中,长鳍篮子鱼的体长与δ^(15)N呈显著正相关,而云斑海猪鱼的体长与δ^(15)N呈现极显著负相关,表明两种鱼类的食性均随个体发育而发生转化,长鳍篮子鱼趋向高营养级饵料生物,云斑海猪鱼趋向低营养级饵料生物。【结论】长鳍篮子鱼和云斑海猪鱼体长分别在90~100 mm和100~110 mm出现营养生态位宽幅急剧升高,而这刚好处于二者初次性成熟体长或性逆转体长附近,推测两种鱼类在性腺发育成熟时期食性发生转变。本研究揭示万山群岛两种优势种的营养生态位特征,对种群的保护和合理利用,生态容量的评估具有支撑作用。Siganus canaliculatus and Halichoeres nigrescens are the dominant fish in Wanshan Islands.The trophic niche and the competition relationship between the populations were revealed by the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technology analysis to explore the reasons of the two fish species became the dominant species in Wanshan Islands.The samples in this sea area were collected by three-layer gillnet in the spring(March)and autumn(September)of 2021.Then they were measured by Elementar isoprime visION stable isotope mass spectrometer,and the trophic niche and structure were analyzed.The results showed that the δ^(15)N values ranged from 9.15‰ to 14.09‰ of S.canaliculatus and 10.34‰ to 14.60‰ of H.nigrescens.The δ^(13)C values ranged from-19.87‰to -14.54‰ of S.canaliculatus and -18.16‰ to -15.60‰ of H.nigrescens.The trophic level of S.canaliculatus and H.nigrescens was 2.97 and 3.23,respectively.The analysis of δ^(13)C- δ^(15)N trophic niche structure showed that there was a resource competition between the two populations.The trophic niche breadth and trophic diversity of S.canaliculatus were higher than those of H.nigrescens,indicating that S.canaliculatus had more food sources and stronger ability to compete and use resources.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between body length and δ^(13)C of the two populations,but there was a significant correlation between body length and δ^(15)N.There was a significant positive correlation of S.canaliculatus and a very significant negative correlation of H.nigrescens.The results indicated that the feeding patterns of the two communities changed with ontogeny,and the S.canaliculatus tended to be high-trophic diet organisms,while the H.nigrescens tended to be low-trophic diet organisms.There was a sharp increase in the trophic niche width of S.canaliculatus and H.nigrescens in the range of 90-100 mm and 100-110 mm,respectively,which was just near the length of their first sexual maturity or sexual reversal,sugges

关 键 词：长鳍篮子鱼 云斑海猪鱼 稳定同位素 竞争 共存 珠江口 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]