生物絮团培育吉富罗非鱼仔鱼的生长效果及其与肠道微生物的关系  

The growth performance of the larvae of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus cultivated by biofloc technology(BFT)and its relationship with intestinal microorganisms

作　　者：徐志兵 刘文畅[1,2,3] 谭洪新[1,2,3] 罗国芝[1,2,3] 孙大川[1,2] XU Zhibing;LIU Wenchang;TAN Hongxin;LUO Guozhi;SUN Dachuan(Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期107-117,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会扬帆人才计划(22YF1416400);上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(19DZ2284300)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究生物絮团技术(biofloc technology,BFT)对培育吉富罗非鱼仔鱼的生长效果及其与肠道微生物的关系。【方法】实验使用BFT饲养初始重量为(15.35±10.62)mg的仔鱼37 d,饲养密度为5000尾/m^(3)。【结果】实验结束,获得了(65.08±13.55)%的成活率、(3254±678)尾/m^(3)的终末密度,鱼苗个体体重在B等级(0.1~0.2 g)分布最多,显著高于其他4个等级(0<A≤0.1 g,0.2 g<C≤0.3 g,0.3 g<D≤0.4 g,0.4 g<E)。5个等级的鱼苗肠道菌落均以变形菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌门。在肠道菌群优势菌属中检测到芽孢杆菌(3.17%~5.32%)、红杆菌属(1.91%~3.26%)、Reyranella sp.(1.90%~2.62%)等有益菌;同时也存在黄杆菌属(4.98%~9.20%)、肠弧菌属(0.21%~6.47%)、分枝杆菌属(2.16%~4.37%)、气单胞菌属(0.29%~1.10%)等潜在致病菌。其中气单胞菌属和肠弧菌属在重量等级越低的鱼苗肠道中相对丰度越高。【结论】利用BFT培育吉富罗非鱼仔鱼效果良好,仔鱼的健康状况和生长速率受到肠道益生菌和潜在致病菌共同影响,但致病菌过多可能会打破菌群平衡,进而影响鱼苗的生长速率。本实验结果阐述了BFT系统中水质状况以及吉富罗非鱼仔鱼生长速率与肠道微生物间的可能关系,为利用BFT培育吉富罗非鱼仔鱼提供借鉴意义。This research used BFT to feed larvae with an initial weight of(15.35±10.62)mg for 37 days at a feeding density of 5000 tail/m^(3) to investigate the effect of biofloc technology(BFT)on the growth of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus larvae and its relationship with gut microbiota.A survival rate of(65.08±13.55)% and a final density of(3254±678)tail/m^(3) were obtained at the end of the experiment.The body weight of fry in class B(0.1-0.2 g)was the most,which was significantly higher than that of the other four classes(0<A≤0.1 g,0.2 g<C≤0.3 g,0.3 g<D≤0.4 g,0.4 g<E).Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the five grades of larvae.Among the dominant genera of intestinal flora,probiotics such as Bacillus(3.17%-5.32%),Rhodibacter(1.91%-3.26%),Reyranella(1.90%-2.62%)were detected.There were also some potential pathogens at the same time,such as Flavobacterium(4.98%-9.20%),Enterovibrio(0.21%-6.47%),Mycobacterium(2.16%-4.37%),Aeromonas(0.29%-1.10%).The relative abundance of Aeromonas and Enterovibrio was higher in the lower weight class.The health status and growth rate of larval tilapia were affected by intestinal probiotics and potential pathogenic bacteria.However,excessive pathogenic bacteria might break the balance of bacterial flora and further affect the growth rate of GIFT O.niloticus.The results of this study illustrated the possible relationship between the growth rate of GIFT O.niloticus larvae and the gut microbiota,and provided a reference for the cultivation of GIFT O.niloticus larvae by BFT.

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 仔鱼 生物絮团技术 生长速率 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]