夏季北黄海三倍体长牡蛎的养殖环境和健康指标调查  

Investigation and research on the cultivation environment and health index of triploid Crassostrea gigas in the North Yellow Sea during summer

作　　者：葛平安 高磊 王玲 周柯利 李磊 王玲玲 宋林生 GE Ping’an;GAO Lei;WANG Ling;ZHOU Keli;LI Lei;WANG Lingling;SONG Linsheng(Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Yuyang Group Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116499,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学,辽宁省海洋动物免疫学与疫病防控重点实验室,辽宁省海洋动物免疫学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连玉洋集团股份有限公司,辽宁大连116499

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期127-137,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41961124009,32320110);农业农村部贝类产业技术体系(CARS-49);农业农村部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队项目;辽宁省教育厅项目(JYTMS20230468)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析夏季北黄海三倍体长牡蛎的养殖环境和健康状态。【方法】本实验于2023年7—8月在辽宁省大连庄河市王家岛镇(123.07°E,39.45°N)三倍体长牡蛎浮筏养殖海区开展了3次调查研究。【结果】调查海区表层水温为20.6~24.2℃,水体叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度为1.810~4.395μg/L,低于2021年报道的养殖二倍体长牡蛎时同一海区的同期水平。水体中、长牡蛎鳃中共生弧菌的丰度为8.40×10^(5)~8.20×10^(6)个/L和732.43~2.26×10^(4)个/L,均低于2021年同期水平。在三次调查研究中,三倍体长牡蛎闭壳肌糖原含量依次为6.41、8.09和8.10 mg/g,呈逐渐上升趋势;鳃丙二醛(MDA)含量依次为17.40、11.76和8.09 nmol/mg prot,呈显著下降趋势;血淋巴细胞中细胞因子CgIL17-4、CgIL17-5、CgTNF-1和CgTNF-2的mRNA表达量未见显著差异。【结论】2023年7—8月北黄海三倍体长牡蛎养殖海区Chl.a浓度、水体中和长牡蛎鳃中共生弧菌丰度均低于2021年同期水平,闭壳肌糖原含量未见明显下降,鳃中MDA水平和血淋巴细胞中CgIL17-4、CgIL17-5、CgTNF-1和CgTNF-2的表达量未出现明显异常。研究结果有助于查明夏季北黄海养殖三倍体长牡蛎的健康状态和环境变化特征,为研发相关技术、规避夏季贝类大规模死亡提供理论依据。This study conducted three surveys in the floating raft cultivation area of triploid oysters in Wangjiadao Town(123.07°E,39.45°N),Zhuanghe City,Liaoning Province,from July to August 2023,to elucidate the cultivation environment and health characteristics of the triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in the North Yellow Sea during summer.The results revealed that the surface water temperature in the surveyed area ranged from 20.6 to 24.2℃,posing high-temperature stress on C.gigas.The pH of surface seawater remained relatively stable,ranging from 7.70 to 7.83 across the three surveys.The average concentration of Chl.a in the water was 1.810 to 4.395μg/L,which was lower than that reported in the same area for diploid oysters during the same period in 2021.The abundance levels of total bacteria in the water and in the gill tissues of triploid oysters ranged from 3.93×10^(7) to 2.89×10^(9) cells/L and 1.10×10^(7) to 1.64×10^(8) cells/L,respectively.The abundance levels of Vibrio species in the water and gill tissues of triploid oysters ranged from 8.40×10^(5) to 8.20×10^(6) cells/L and from 732.43 to 2.26×10^(4) cells/L,respectively,both of which were lower than those in the same period in 2021.During the three surveys,the glycogen content of the adductor muscle of triploid oysters increased gradually,with values of 6.41,8.09,and 8.10 mg/g,respectively.The glucose content in the adductor muscle of triploid oysters was 4.72,3.11,and 2.86μmol/g,respectively,with no significant differences among samples(P>0.05).The MDA content in the gills decreased significantly,with values of 17.40,11.76,and 8.09 nmol/mg prot,respectively(P<0.05).There was no sustained differential expression of cytokine mRNA in haemocytes.In summary,the water in the cultivation area of triploid oysters in the North Yellow Sea experienced high-temperature stress during the summer of 2023,with Chl.a concentration and Vibrio abundance in water and gill tissue lower than those in the same period in 2021.The glycogen storage level in the a

关 键 词：三倍体长牡蛎 夏季高温 糖原 细胞因子 丙二醛 北黄海 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]