换水量对玉足海参育苗水质以及浮游幼体生长、发育和存活的影响  

Effects of water renewal rate on water quality of the hatchery system and larval survival,growth,and development of the sea cucumber(Holothuria leucospilota)

作　　者：岑轶锟 吴鸿 洪泽森 王东 黄肇雷 于宗赫 CEN Yikun;WU Hong;HONG Zesen;WANG Dong;HUANG Zhaolei;YU Zonghe(College of Marine Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学海洋学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期138-149,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401303);广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2024-MRB-00-0013)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索玉足海参育苗过程中适宜的换水量。【方法】实验分别设置日换水量0、1/4、1/2以及3/4共4个水平,研究换水量对育苗系统水质变化以及海参浮游幼体生长、发育和存活的影响;同时在水温为27.99℃,pH为8.05的条件下,采用静水实验法检验了氨氮对玉足海参中耳和大耳幼体的影响。【结果】育苗前期,大量换水会对海参幼体的生长和存活造成不利影响;育苗后期,换水量越少,系统中氨氮和亚硝态氮的浓度越高,海参幼体生长和发育情况越差。氨氮对中耳幼体和大耳幼体的48 h半致死浓度(48 h-LC_(50))分别为2.66和6.22 mg/L,而非离子氨对中耳幼体和大耳幼体的48 h-LC_(50)分别为0.19和0.45 mg/L;水体中氨氮浓度越高,海参幼体的死亡率越高,无发育潜力的幼体所占比例越大。【结论】玉足海参育苗过程水质调控至关重要,在育苗后期,必须采取有效手段控制水体中的氨氮含量。建议在小耳幼体阶段不进行换水,中耳幼体阶段适量换水,而大耳幼体阶段大量换水。本研究结果可以为热带海参的人工繁育提供科学依据。In this study,four water exchange(0,1/4,1/2 and 3/4 per day,respectively)were used in sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota hatchery.The water quality of the hatchery system and the larval survival,growth,and development of the H.leucospilota was tested to evaluate the optimum water renewal strategy.The results showed that the high water renewal rate could pose adverse impacts on larval survival and growth in the early stage.In contrast,the low water renewal rate correlated with high level of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)-N)in the hatchery system in the later stage,which could also pose adverse impacts on larval survival and growth.The biological toxicity experiments were carried out to test the effects of(NH_(3)-N)on mid-and late-auricularia larvae at water temperature of 27.99℃ and pH of 8.05.The results showed that both of the survival and development potential larvae were negatively correlated with the high NH_(3)-N concentration level.The 48 h-LC_(50) of NH_(3)-N on mid-and late-auricularia were 2.66 and 6.22 mg/L,respectively.While the 48 h-LC_(50) of un-ionized ammonia(NH_(3))on mid-and late-auricularia were 0.19 and 0.45 mg/L,respectively.In summary,water quality was important for H.leucospilota hatchery and effective measure must be taken to control the concentration of NH_(3)-N in the culturing water.It is recommended that no water change should be carried out at the early-auricularia stage,moderate water renewal at the mid-auricularia stage and high water renewal at the late-auricularia stage.

关 键 词：玉足海参 人工繁育 水质 氨氮 非离子氨 急性毒性 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]