以植物蛋白为主的低鱼粉饲料中添加精氨酸对日本沼虾生长、摄食、抗氧化、免疫和肠道结构的影响  

Effects of arginine supplementation in plant-protein-based low-fishmeal feed on growth,feeding,antioxidant,immune and intestinal structure of Macrobrachium nipponense

作　　者：王俊保 郑金仙 周东生 李珊珊 孔有琴 戚常乐 刘艳 徐奇友 丁志丽 WANG Junbao;ZHENG Jinxian;ZHOU Dongsheng;LI Shanshan;KONG Youqin;QI Changle;LIU Yan;XU Qiyou;DING Zhili(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,School of Life Sciences,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院水生动物繁育与营养重点实验室,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第4期162-173,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：湖州市自然科学基金(2019YZ04);国家自然科学基金(31972800)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨以植物蛋白为主的低鱼粉饲料中补充精氨酸(Arg)对日本沼虾生长、摄食、抗氧化、免疫和肠道结构的影响。【方法】实验在低鱼粉、高植物蛋白饲料中分别补充0%(实测值为0.80%)、0.60%(1.33%)、1.20%(1.85%)、1.80%(2.24%)和2.40%(2.65%)的精氨酸,形成5组等氮等能的饲料,养殖周期为8周。【结果】随着精氨酸水平的升高,日本沼虾增重率呈先上升后下降趋势,且在1.85%Arg组达到最高,饲料系数呈相反趋势,1.85%Arg组显著低于0.80%与2.65%Arg组;各组摄食率与存活率无显著差异;1.85%Arg组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量达到最高且显著高于0.80%Arg组,同时1.85%Arg组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性也达到最高,但该组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其余各组;1.85%Arg组谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于0.80%与1.33%Arg组,同时1.33%与1.85%Arg组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著低于0.80%、2.24%与2.65%Arg组;1.33%Arg组雷帕霉素靶蛋白基因(tor)和神经肽基因(npy)相对表达量最高,且显著高于其余组,1.85%Arg组核糖体蛋白S6激酶基因(s6k)表达量最高且显著高于2.24%与2.65%Arg组,瘦素基因(leptin)相对表达量先下降后上升,且0.80%Arg组相对表达量最高;1.85%与2.24%Arg组肠道微绒毛完整且排列整齐。【结论】在以植物蛋白为主的日本沼虾低鱼粉饲料中,精氨酸水平为1.85%时,可以提高其生长性能、抗氧化能力及肝胰腺中蛋白质合成和食欲相关基因的表达,改善日本沼虾肠道结构。基于增重率进行二次曲线回归模型分析,在以植物蛋白为主的日本沼虾低鱼粉饲料中精氨酸的适宜水平为1.83%。Arginine(Arg)plays a vital role in regulating of body growth,antioxidant defense,and protein synthesis.The study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant-protein-based low-fishmeal feed supplemented with arginine on feeding,antioxidant capacity,immunity and intestinal morphology in Macrobrachium nipponense.Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary groups were formulated to contain varying levels of dietary arginine(0%,0.60%,1.20%,1.80% and 2.40%,respectively)under low fish meal content and high plant protein inclusion.The measured arginine concentrations in diets were 0.80%(0.80% Arg),1.33%(1.33% Arg),1.85%(1.85% Arg),2.24%(2.24% Arg)and 2.65%(2.65%Arg),respectively.The feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed that the weight gain initially increased with higher dietary arginine levels before declining.The peak values were observed in the group receiving 1.85% Arg,which significantly surpassed those recorded for the groups receiving diets with 0.80%,1.33%,or 2.65% Arg(P<0.05).Conversely,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)exhibited an inverse trend,reaching its lowest point in the group fed with a diet containing 1.85% Arg,this value was significantly lower than that of the groups receiving diets with either 0.80% or 2.65% Arg(P<0.05).No significant differences were found regarding survival rate(SR)or feeding rate(FR)among all experimental groups(P<0.05).With the increase in arginine levels,the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the content of glutathione(GSH)in the 1.85% Arg group were higher than those observed in the 0.80% Arg group(P<0.05).Additionally,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the 1.85% Arg group was also more significant than that found in the 0.80%,1.33%,and 2.65% Arg groups(P<0.05).The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the 1.85% Arg group was notably lower than that of all other groups,reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).Furthermore,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity was lowest in the 1.85%Arg group and significantly lower compared to both of the 0.80% and 1.33%

关 键 词：日本沼虾 植物蛋白 精氨酸 TOR信号通路 食欲 肠道结构 

分 类 号：S963.731[农业科学—水产养殖]