适用于轻型棉花收获机的履带底盘选型分析及展望  

Selection analysis and prospects of track chassis for light cotton harvesters

作　　者：王振龙 陈长林 孙勇飞 谢庆 孔凡婷 王建合 Wang Zhenlong;Chen Changlin;Sun Yongfei;Xie Qing;Kong Fanting;Wang Jianhe(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Hebei Center of Agriculture Machinery Extension,Shijiazhuang,050011,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014 [2]河北省农机化技术推广总站,石家庄市050011

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第4期265-270,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(YTHSD2022-25);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(S202207,S202325);中国农业科学院创新工程(31-NIAM-05);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2024100205)。

摘　　要：针对我国长江、黄河流域棉花种植区种植面积小、地形复杂、机械化收获效率低及大型轮式收获机适应性不足的问题,系统分析国内外大型棉花收获机的研究进展,揭示该区域棉花机收困难的主要原因。通过研究履带式底盘在农业领域的优势,分类概述普通型、三角型、轮履复合型及倒梯型履带底盘的特点与适用场景,并阐述国内农用履带式底盘的重点研究方向,强调农作物农艺要求对底盘选型的重要性。结合棉花76 cm等行距标准化种植的农艺要求,提出一种适用于长江、黄河流域棉区的后驱式轻型棉花收获机履带底盘,该底盘具有良好的爬坡能力和稳定性,能够适应复杂多变的作业环境,进一步提高棉花收获装备的适应性和收获效率。为促进我国长江和黄河流域棉区机械化收获装备的不断提升,推动棉花产业的可持续发展,提出农机农艺相融合、基础研究与先进技术相结合、机电液数字化应用等发展趋势。To address the challenges of small-scale cultivation,complex terrain,low mechanized harvesting efficiency,and inadequate adaptability of large wheeled harvesters in the cotton planting areas of the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins in China,this study systematically analyzes the research progress of large cotton harvesters at home and abroad,revealing the primary constraints on mechanized cotton harvesting in these regions.By investigating the advantages of tracked chassis in agricultural applications,we categorize and summarize the characteristics and applicable scenarios of four tracked chassis types:standard,triangular,wheel-track composite,and inverted trapezoidal configurations.Furthermore,we elaborate on key domestic research directions for agricultural tracked chassis and emphasize the critical role of crop-specific agronomic requirements in chassis selection.Aligned with the standardized agronomic practice of 76 cm equidistant row planting for cotton,this paper proposes a rear-wheel-drive lightweight tracked chassis tailored for cotton harvesters in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins.The optimized chassis design enhances climbing capacity and operational stability,effectively adapting to heterogeneous field conditions.In order to promote the continuous improvement of mechanized harvesting equipment in the cotton areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins in China and push the sustainable development of the cotton industry,the development trends of the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,the combination of basic research and advanced technology,and digital application of electromechanical and hydraulic are proposed.

关 键 词：履带底盘 棉花 轻型收获机 智能化 数字化 

分 类 号：S225.911[农业科学—农业机械化工程]