基于落石视频监测的露天矿岩质边坡临滑预警研究  

Early warning for landslide of rock slopes in open-pit mine based on rockfall video monitoring

作　　者：刘飞跃 杨天鸿[2] 朱万成[2] 杨振琦 邓文学[2] 李华 陈澫赟 LIU Feiyue;YANG Tianhong;ZHU Wancheng;YANG Zhenqi;DENG Wenxue;LI Hua;CHEN Wanyun(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Mining of Deep Coal Resources,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Ma’anshan 243071,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学深部煤炭资源智能绿色开采安徽省联合共建学科重点实验室,安徽淮南232001 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300350 [4]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243071

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2025年第4期792-800,共9页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204080);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903903);金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室开放课题(2021-JSKSSYS-07);深部煤炭资源智能绿色开采安徽省联合共建学科重点实验室开放课题(IGMDCR202401)。

摘　　要：高陡岩质边坡稳定性是露天矿安全生产的核心问题,开展边坡临滑预警研究、给出合理的预警时机具有现实的工程意义。通过对32个岩质滑坡案例的临滑前兆信息进行整理分析,提出“落石/岩体运动是岩质边坡的普适性临滑预警前兆”的认识;利用露天矿边坡安全监测规范里要求的视频监测数据,采用基于运动目标追踪的机器视觉方法,识别计算出实现落石频率与运动区域面积的动态识别与量化计算,通过设定阈值可以对滑坡启动但尚未波及区域提供提前量为数十秒至数小时的临滑预警。以国外某露天采石场滑坡与研山铁矿N26线滑坡为例开展工程应用研究,结果表明岩质滑坡全过程包括偶有落石、小规模落石、落石成行和整体滑坡4个阶段,对于6,30 m高的两个岩质滑坡案例,预警提前量分别为35,113 s。基于落石视频监测的露天矿岩质边坡临滑预警方法具有广泛的应用前景,但仍需进一步的现场验证和深入研究。The stability of rock slopes is one of the most critical issues for the safe production in an open-pit mine.Providing early warning signals and issuing accurate evacuation orders for the rock landslides is of practical engineering significance.By collecting and analyzing 32 rock landslide cases in open-pit mines,it is proposed that the rockfall or slope movement acts as a precursor of early warning of the rock landslides.Following the safety monitoring standards for open-pit mines,the abundance of monitoring videos can provide valuable data for the early warning of rock landslides.In this study,the motion target tracking algorithm is utilized to identify rockfalls or slope movement areas from the monitoring videos.By setting appropriate thresholds,early warnings with leading time ranging from tens of seconds to hours can be provided for the areas where landslides have initiated but not yet spread.An undisclosed open-pit quarry and the Yanshan open-pit mine are employed to demonstrate the proposed method.The results indicate that the rock landslides progress through four phases including occasional rockfall,small-scale rockfall,continuous rockfall and overall landslide.For the rock landslides with heights of 6 m and 30 m,the early warning leading time is 35 s and 113 s,respectively.The proposed method for early warning of landslide of rock slopes based on rockfall video monitoring holds extensive application prospects in open-pit mines.However,extensive field tests and further research are required.

关 键 词：露天矿 岩质边坡 临滑预警 落石监测 运动目标追踪 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]