明挖隧道免支架施工的叠合板结构体系及创新应用  

Composite Slab Structural System and Its Innovative Application in Support-Free Construction of Open-Cut Tunnels

作　　者：王文渊 姜弘 缪仑 WANG Wenyuan;JIANG Hong;MIAO Lun(Shanghai Urban Construction Design&Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200125,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海200125

出　　处：《隧道建设(中英文)》2025年第3期613-622,共10页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会项目(17DZ1203402);上海工业化装配化市政工程技术研究中心项目(17DZ2251900);重大交通桥梁和隧道工程抗震韧性分析及应用示范项目(22DZ1201204)。

摘　　要：为解决传统明挖现浇隧道建设效率低、劳动力成本高,以及装配整体式结构在应用中未考虑简化模板支撑体系,导致施工过程中满堂支架布设造成施工功效较低、施工环境较差等问题,开展对新型结构体系及施工工艺的研究。基于“无支撑叠合板”的理念,选取典型明挖车行隧道断面,提出一种新型装配整体式结构。该结构由预制底板钢筋笼、钢筋桁架型预制墙板及顶板等现场拼装并后浇混凝土而成,采用一种可循环利用的角部连接构件,使底板、侧墙、顶板在施工阶段互为支座,将预制板及贴壁式围护作为现场浇筑的模板,实现不设支架、无需模板的施工新模式。对施工和使用阶段的结构受力转换模式进行分析,将顶板和侧墙在施工阶段简化为简支梁,使用阶段简化为二维框架结构。通过无支撑叠合板2阶段受力验算及连接节点的承载性能分析,论证该结构方案的可行性。经技术经济分析,该结构方案与常规明挖现浇法隧道相比,可有效提升施工效率、降低人工成本;与采用满堂支架的装配整体式明挖隧道相比,施工功效更高、施工环境更好;与全预制装配式结构相比,更易于施工、造价更低、更适应软土地区的基坑支护要求,具有较好的环境效益和经济效益。Traditional open-cut cast-in-place tunnels face challenges related to construction efficiency and labor costs.The absence of a simplified formwork support system in assembled monolithic structures has led to inefficiencies and poor working conditions in full-scaffold construction.To address these issues,the authors propose a structural system and its construction techniques.Based on the design concept of the support-free composite slab,a novel type of assembled monolithic structure is proposed.This structure is assembled using prefabricated bedplate reinforcement cages,lattice girder-type precast walls,and roof slabs,and then cast in place.Recyclable corner connectors are used to provide mutual support between the bedplate,sidewall,and roof slab.The precast slab and wall-attached enclosure serve as formwork for on-site pouring to realize support-and formwork-free construction.In addition,the force transformation mode during the construction and service stages is analyzed,and the roof slab and sidewall are simplified as simply supported beams and two-dimensional frame structures in the construction and service stages,respectively.Stress analysis of the supportfree composite slab and bearing capacity assessment of the connecting nodes demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.A technical and economic analysis demonstrates that the proposed system significantly improves construction efficiency and reduces labor costs compared with traditional open-cut cast-in-place tunnels.In addition,it outperforms full-scaffold assembled monolithic open-cut tunnels in terms of efficiency and working conditions.It also offers easier construction,lower cost,and better adaptability in soft soil foundation pit support.Therefore,the proposed structure scheme offers better environmental and economic benefits.

关 键 词：装配整体式结构 明挖隧道 无支撑叠合板 钢筋桁架 混凝土 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]