森林生长的“树木个性”  

“Tree Personality”in Forest Growth

作　　者：张齐兵[1] 郑嘉诚 ZHANG QiBin;ZHENG Jiacheng(State key laboratory of vegetation and environmental change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100093

出　　处：《高原农业》2025年第2期141-152,F0002,共13页Journal of Plateau Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32271886);西藏柏木林在衰退事件后树木生长的恢复时间及其影响因素。

摘　　要：树种多样性和种间差别在森林稳定性研究中受到广泛关注,而同一树种的种内差异往往被忽视。本研究旨在量化森林中同一树种不同个体间的生长差异,阐明这种差异的特征并探讨其生态效应。选择西藏东南部梅里雪山和伯舒拉岭两个单一林冠树种的森林为研究对象,定义了一个衡量树木生长不一致性的新指标,利用树木年轮数据检测树木个体间的生长差异及其与群落结构的关系。结果发现:(1)两个森林中的树木径向生长在过去3个世纪不同时段均表现出明显的个体差异,(2)这些个体差异在有气象记录时期的5次极端干旱年中依然存在,(3)树木生长变化率的个体差异与林下灌木覆盖率和物种丰富度均呈显著正相关关系。基于这些结果,提出了森林生长的“树木个性”假说,认为森林中同一树种的不同个体具有生命属性的“树木个性”生长方式,从个体层面分散逆境、干扰和竞争带来的生长压力,其结果有利于维持森林结构的整体稳定性。Tree species diversity and interspecific variation have received much attention in studies of forest stability,whereas intraspecific variation is largely neglected.This study aimed to quantify growth differences in individuals of the same tree species in forests,identify the characteristics of intraspecific variation and discuss its ecological effects.The objects of the study were two single canopy-species forests located in Meili Snow Mountain and Boshula Ridge in southeastern Xizang.We developed a new index to evaluate tree growth asynchrony and used tree-ring data to examine growth differences among trees and their relationships with community structures.The results showed that(1)radial growth of trees exhibited obvious individual differences in both forests in different intervals of the past three centuries,(2)these differences also existed in the five extreme drought years as reflected in meteorological records,and(3)individual differences in the ratio of tree-growth change had significant positive correlation with shrub cover and species richness of understorey layers.Based on these results,we proposed“tree personality”hypothesis in forest growth.We argue that individuals of the same tree species in forests have life-characterized“tree personality”in growth performance,spreading the capacity of trees to respond to stresses,disturbances and competition at the individual level,consequently favoring maintenance of the general stability in forest structure.

关 键 词：树木年轮 种内差异 生长不一致 森林结构 森林稳定性 

分 类 号：S792-11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]