高原环境下混流式水轮机空化特性及对压力脉动的影响  

Cavitation Characteristics of Francis Turbine and Effect on Pressure Pulsation in Plateau Environment

作　　者：任烁 罗红英 杜运鑫 乔雪晴 杨运平 REN Shuo;LUO Hongying;DU Yunxin;QIAO Xueqing;YANG Yunping(Water Conservancy Project&Civil Engineering College,Xizang Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi,Xizang 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院水利土木工程学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《高原农业》2025年第2期249-256,共8页Journal of Plateau Agriculture

基　　金：西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划资助项目(YJS2024-47);高水头大容量水电机组开发关键技术(XZ202201ZD0003G04)。

摘　　要：为了研究分析高原环境下空化对混流式水轮机压力脉动的影响,本文选用模型试验的方法,通过抽压来模拟高原环境,对混流式水轮机模型实验平台开展空化和压力脉动试验。结果表明,随着导叶开度的增大,模型水轮机发生空化的时间越早,并且在转轮下方会形成小型涡带,当发展为临界空化时,机组转轮下方产生了巨型喇叭状涡带,机组运行不稳定,产生了明显的振动,且大开度比小开度产生的振感更加强烈。同时,在不同空化阶段,机组的压力脉动呈现出复杂的变化规律,在比较不同环境条件下的压力脉动数据时发现开度较小时,随着空化的发生,机组整体的压力脉动幅值增加,而在较大开度下,由于机组较早进入空化状态,气穴的生成有助于减缓压力脉动的幅度。To analyze the effects of cavitation on pressure pulsation in Francis turbines at high altitudes,this study employed model experiments.The experiments of cavitation in Francis turbines model experimental platform were conducted under high-altitude environment,which was created by Vacuum Pump.The results showed that cavitation occurred earlier in the model turbine with the guide vane openings increased,and small vortex band developed under the turbine runner,which became large trumpet-shaped vortex band when cavitation reached a critical level.In addition,the turbine operated unstably and generated vibrations,which became more significant with the guide vane openings increased.Moreover,pressure pulsations showed complex change rules in different stages of cavitation.At small guide vane openings,the value of pressure pulsation increased when cavitation developed.At large guide vane openings,early cavitation in turbine created cavitation bubbles,which helped reduce the value of pressure pulsation.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 高原环境 空化 压力脉动 

分 类 号：TV7[水利工程—水利水电工程]