新型增氧漂浮育苗盘对烟苗生长发育及生理生化指标的影响  

Effects of New Oxygenated Floating Seedling Tray on Growth and Development and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Tobacco Seedlings

作　　者：许跃奇 张明哲 李俊营 王明鑫[1] 陈旭初[1] 柳洋 王晓强 闫奥函 马世原 郭巧燕 任天宝[2] 云菲[2] XU Yueqi;ZHANG Mingzhe;LI Junying;WANG Mingxin;CHEN Xuchu;LIU Yang;WANG Xiaoqiang;YAN Aohan;MA Shiyuan;GUO Qiaoyan;REN Tianbao;YUN Fei(Pingdingshan Municipal Tobacco Company,Henan Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan,Henan 467000;College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南平顶山467000 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期1-9,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司重点项目“新型漂浮育苗盘研制及烟苗早生快发关键技术研究与应用”(PYKJ202205);“烟田有机物料筛选及施肥模式优化技术研究”(PYKJ202108)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明新型增氧漂浮育苗盘(162孔苗穴+110个通气孔+底部凸起)对烟苗生长发育及生理生化指标的影响,为改善烟苗生长环境,提高成苗素质提供参考。【方法】以烟草品种中烟100为材料,以传统漂浮育苗盘为对照(CK),对比分析新型增氧漂浮育苗盘对烤烟出苗率和成苗率、苗期农艺性状、根系形态指标、光合生理指标、抗氧化性和碳代谢关键酶活性的影响。【结果】新型增氧漂浮育苗盘所育烟苗出苗率(出苗后5 d)达89.97%,较CK提升6.97%;成苗率达98.23%,较CK提升3.24%。从农艺性状和根系形态看,新型增氧漂浮育苗盘所育烟苗株高、茎围和叶面积分别较CK增加31.64%、22.60%和66.75%,总生物量(干物质积累量)较CK增加22.22%,总根长、根系平均直径、根系总表面积、根系总体积、总根尖数和根系活力分别较CK增加1.01倍、0.09倍、0.80倍、0.71倍、1.18倍和0.32倍。从光合生理看,新型增氧漂浮育苗盘所育烟苗叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量分别较CK增加5.26%、3.57%、4.55%和33.33%,净光合速率(P_(n))和气孔导度(G_(s))较CK显著增加44.39%和15.63%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))略低于CK,蒸腾速率(Tr)略高于CK。从抗氧化性和碳代谢关键酶活性看,新型增氧漂浮育苗盘所育烟苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别较CK提高35.28%、43.61%和1.78%,MDA含量降低15.07%;蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性分别增加127.27%和36.00%。【结论】新型增氧漂浮育苗盘可提高烤烟出苗率和成苗率,显著改善烟苗农艺性状,显著促进根系生长,促进烟苗早生快发,有利于培育壮苗。【Objective】The effects of the new oxygenated floating seedling tray(162 holes+110 ventilation holes+bottom bulge)on the growth and development and physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco seedlings were explored,which provided a reference for improving the growth environment of tobacco seedlings and improving the quality of seedlings.【Method】Taking the traditional floating seedling tray as the control(CK),the effects of the new oxygenated floating seedling tray on the emergence rate and seedling rate,seedling agronomic traits,root morphological indexes,photosynthetic physiological indexes,antioxidant and carbon metabolism key enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco Zhongyan 100 were compared and analyzed.【Result】The emergence rate(5 days after emergence)of tobacco seedlings in the new oxygenated floating seedling tray reached 89.97%,which was 6.97%higher than that of CK.The seedling rate reached 98.23%,which was 3.24%higher than that of CK.From the perspective of agronomic traits and root morphology,the plant height,stem circumference and leaf area of tobacco seedlings raised by the new oxygenated floating seedling tray increased by 31.64%,22.60%and 66.75%,respectively,compared with CK.The total biomass(dry matter accumulation)increased by 22.22%compared with CK,and the total root length,average root diameter,total root surface area,total root volume,total root tip number and root activity increased by 1.01 times,0.09 times,0.80 times,0.71 times,1.18 times and 0.32 times compared with CK,respectively.From the perspective of photosynthetic physiology,the chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),total chlorophyll(Chl a+b)and carotenoid(Car)of tobacco seedlings raised by the new oxygenated floating seedling tray increased by 5.26%,3.57%,4.55%and 33.33%,respectively,compared with CK.The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))increased significantly by 44.39%and 15.63%compared with CK.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))was slightly lower than that of CK,and the tran

关 键 词：新型增氧漂浮育苗盘 烤烟 烟苗 育苗 根系 光合作用 叶绿素 抗氧化酶 碳代谢 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]