不同采收方式对上部烟叶变黄失水规律及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Harvesting Methods on Yellowing and Dehydration Patterns and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：李冠辉 韦斌 方正华 陈丽萍 郑华 高正锋 武圣江 赵宇航 焦剑[3] 张学昆 许本波[2] 袁修堂 韦克苏 LI Guanhui;WEI Bin;FANG Zhenghua;CHEN Liping;ZHENG Hua;GAO Zhengfeng;WU Shengjiang;ZHAO Yuhang;JIAO Jian;ZHANG Xuekun;XU Benbo;YUAN Xiutang;WEI Kesu(Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081;Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 451199;Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,China National Tobacco Corporation,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000;China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian 361001;Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081 [2]长江大学,湖北荆州451199 [3]中国烟草总公司贵州省公司,贵州贵阳550000 [4]福建中烟工业有限责任公司,福建福州361001 [5]云南农业大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期10-16,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2021XM24,2022XM17);福建中烟科技项目[闽烟工合同(技术合作)[2021]9号];贵州省烟草科学研究院科技项目(GZYKY2021-09)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明上部烟叶一次性带茎砍烤对其理化及品质指标的影响规律,为提高上部烟叶可用性提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟87为试材,测定一次性带茎砍烤和一次性采烤上部烟叶的含水率、色素含量、理化品质、感官质量和经济性状,分析不同采烤方式对不同叶位上部烟叶变黄失水规律及品质的影响。【结果】相较于一次性采烤,一次性带茎砍烤可延缓上部烟叶水分散失,促进叶绿素和类胡萝卜素分解;烟叶在叶长和叶宽上均小于一次性采烤,且单叶重和叶面密度均显著低于一次性采烤(P<0.05);上部烟叶的上等烟比例与均价均高于一次性采烤;一次性带茎砍烤上三叶和下三叶烤后淀粉含量分别较一次性采烤显著减少2.45百分点和2.61百分点,总氮含量分别显著减少0.19百分点和0.16百分点,总糖含量分别显著增加2.82百分点和2.36百分点,还原糖含量分别显著增加1.73百分点和2.51百分点,糖碱比和钾氯比显著高于一次性采烤(P<0.05)。一次性带茎砍烤上部烟叶在香气质、香气量、吃味、杂气和刺激性等方面均优于一次性采烤。【结论】上部烟叶一次性带茎砍烤有利于促进烟叶变黄失水协调,促进色素、淀粉等大分子分解,提高两糖含量。在实际生产中,从感官质量和经济效益方面考虑,可选择一次性带茎砍烤。【Objective】The effects of one-off cutting with stems on the physico-chemical and quality indicators of upper tobacco leaves were explored to provide the theoretical basis for improving the usability of upper tobacco leaves.【Method】The water content,pigment content,physico-chemical quality,sensory quality and economic traits of Yunyan 87 under one-off cutting with stems and one-off harvesting were determined to analyze the effects of different harvesting methods on the yellowing and dehydration patterns and quality of different positions of upper tobacco leaves.【Result】Compared to one-off harvesting,one-off cutting with stems could delay the moisture loss of upper tobacco leaves,promote the decomposition of chlorophyll and carotenoids.The length and width of tobacco leaves were lower than those of one-off harvesting,and single-leaf weight and leaf density were significantly(P<0.05)lower than those of one-off harvesting.The superior-class proportion and average price of upper tobacco leaf were higher than those of one-off harvesting.Compared with one-off harvesting,the starch content of cured top-three leaves and bottom-three leaves under one-off cutting with stems reduced significantly by 2.45 percentage points and 2.61 percentage points,total nitrogen content decreased significantly by 0.19 percentage points and 0.16 percentage points,total sugar content increased significantly by 2.82 percentage points and 2.36 percentage points,reducing sugar increased significantly by 1.73 percentage points and 2.51 percentage points.The sugar-nicotine ratio and K/Cl ratio were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of one-off harvesting.The aroma quality,aroma quantity,taste,offensive odor and irritation of upper tobacco leaf were better than those of one-off harvesting.【Conclusion】One-off cutting with stems of upper tobacco leaves is beneficial to coordinating the yellowing and dehydration of tobacco leaves,promoting the decomposition of pigments,starch and other macromolecules and increasing the content of s

关 键 词：上部烟叶 一次性带茎砍烤 一次性采烤 变黄失水 品质性状 经济效益 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]